中国建筑节能激励政策研究初探.pdf
1Energy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所中国建筑节能激励政策研究初探Outline of incentive policy study to promote building energy efficiency in China康艳兵 博士 Dr. Kang Yanbing国家发展和改革委员会 能源研究所Energy Research Institute, NDRC2005年 5月 12日 May 12, 2005Energy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所主要内容主要内容 Outlinel中国实施建筑节能激励政策的背景lBackground of establishing incentive policy on BEE in Chinal中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑lConsideration of establishing incentive policy on BEE in Chinal关于今年建筑节能激励政策研究课题的思路lScheme of incentive policy study on BEE this yearEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所背景背景 Backgroundl建筑节能已经成为我国的关键节能领域lBEE has become the key energy efficiency field u当前的形势 Current situationn建筑能源服务水平 Service leveln建筑能耗 Building energy consumptionn季节性矛盾 Seasonal energy shortagen建筑节能潜力 Potential of BEEu未来建筑能耗将不可遏制地快速增长uBuilding energy consumption will surely increase rapidly in the futureEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所背景背景 Backgroundl节能激励政策是推动建筑节能工作的有效途径lIncentive policy is the effective measure to promote BEEu涉及的利益群体多 , 分散性强uMany sectors are involved u国外的经验uInternational experiencesu基于市场的节能机制uEnergy mechanism based on marketu引导节能型的生活方式uLead energy efficient lifestyleEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所背景背景 Backgroundl在中国已经具备了可能性lFeasibility exists in Chinau节能标准uEnergy efficiency standardsu能效标识uEnergy efficiency lableu财税政策改革uInnovation of finance tax systemEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑Consideration of establishing incentive policy on BEE in China机制Mechanism激励Incentive强制性标准Mandatory standard2Energy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑Consideration of establishing incentive policy on BEE in Chinal用能环节lEnergy use influencing factors u建筑物uBuildingu建筑设备及家用电器uEquipments and appliancesu系统 ( 能源系统 , 整个建筑物 )uSystem issue energy system, the whole buildingu新增 , 改造uNew or retrofitEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑Consideration of establishing incentive policy on BEE in Chinal利益群体 Sectors involvedu开发商 Developeru生产商 Manufactureu设计人员 Designer u销售人员 Saleu物业公司 Estate management sectoru节能服务公司 ESCOsu消费者 Consumeru( 公用事业部门 ) Public utilityuEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑Consideration of establishing incentive policy on BEE in Chinal激励政策的基础lIncentive policy baseu机制 Mechanism macro policy environmentu强制性标准 Compulsory standardsu强制性标识 Compulsory lableu自愿性标识 Voluntary lableu能耗评估与审计 Energy uation and auditu能效分级体系 Energy rating systemEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑Consideration of establishing incentive policy on BEE in Chinal激励政策类型lType of incentive policyu长期性激励 、 管理性激励uLong-term incentive, management incentiveu补贴 、 减免税 、 加速折旧 、 低息贷款 uSubsidy, tax reduction, accelerated depreciation, lower-interest loan Energy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑Consideration of establishing incentive policy on BEE in Chinal 资金来源l Funding sourcesu国家财政税收u Governmental finance revenueu附加电费u Wires chargeu能源税u Energy taxu碳税u Carbon taxu国际资金u International capitalu Energy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑Consideration of establishing incentive policy on BEE in Chinal激励原则lPrinciple for incentiveu基于性能uBased on peranceu基于成本uBased on costu二者兼有uBoth3Energy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑Consideration of establishing incentive policy on BEE in Chinal设计 Designl实施 Implementl监管 Supervision and managementl评估 uationEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑Consideration of establishing incentive policy on BEE in Chinal目标定位 节能目标 , 市场目标lGoal orientation energy saving, marketl谁 来参与 哪 个环节 lWho will participant in Which partl谁来鉴定节能性能 , 谁来判断是否应该激励lWho identify the energy efficiency perance And who judge whether it should gain incentiveEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑中国实施建筑节能激励政策的考虑Consideration of establishing incentive policy on BEE in Chinal激励政策是个巨大的系统工程lIncentive policy is a huge system projectl中国还有许多基础性工作要做lMany fundamental work need more efforts in Chinal从现在开始建立激励政策框架lBegin to establish the scheme of energy efficiency incentive policyEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所今年的研究内容今年的研究内容Scheme of incentive policy study on BEE this yearl EF支持 中国建筑节能激励政策研究 课题l The project of “Study on China’s incentive policy to promote building energy efficiency”was supported by Energy foundationl 今年的课题内容l Project content in this yearu “新型墙体材料改造基金 ”的评估u uation on “Innovative wall material Fund”u贯彻实施强制性建筑节能标准的监督方案研究u Study on the supervising scheme of implementing compulsory BEE standardsu建筑节能激励政策研究u Study on incentive policy to promote BEEu节能产品激励政策研究 ( 相关单位完成 )u Study on incentive policy of efficient productsEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所今年的研究内容今年的研究内容Scheme of incentive policy study on BEE this yearl “新型墙体材料改造基金 ”的评估l uation on “Innovative wall material Fund”19.626.631.739.10510152025303540451998 2000 2002 2004新型墙材比例 (%)Share of new wall materialsEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所今年的研究内容今年的研究内容Scheme of incentive policy study on BEE this yearl“新型墙体材料改造基金 ”的评估luation on “Innovative wall material Fund”u建议至少继续保留 1~ 2年uMaintain for at least of 12 yearsu结合财税体制改革 , 在法规和管理办法方面进行合理调整uMake reasonable adjustment combining the innovation of finance tax systemu尽可能支持建筑节能uSupport BEE as possible4Energy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所今年的研究内容今年的研究内容Scheme of incentive policy study on BEE this yearl强制性建筑节能标准的监督方案研究lStudy on the supervising scheme of implementing compulsory BEE standardsu必须是国家级强制性的 , 并让各地方政府高度重视u National compulsory, support from local governmentu4个环节都抓 , 并注重过程抽查uEach process, spot-checku各方共同参与 , 明确责任uAll involved, definite dutyu惩罚性措施uPunishment measure Energy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所今年的研究内容今年的研究内容Scheme of incentive policy study on BEE this yearl建筑节能激励政策研究lStudy on incentive policy to promote BEE寒冷ColdSevere Cold夏热冬冷Hot Summer Cold WinterTemperate温和夏热冬暖Hot Summer Warm Winter严寒Severe Cold严寒Severe Cold 寒冷 Cold基于区域 、 建筑类型 、 用能特点 、 当地的技术基础Based on region, building type, energy using characteristics, local technical conditionEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所今年的研究内容今年的研究内容Scheme of incentive policy study on BEE this yearl建筑节能激励政策研究lStudy on incentive policy to promote BEEu北方传统采暖区的住宅和中小公共建筑uResidential building and small public building in the traditional heating regionu过渡区和南方地区的住宅和中小公共建筑uResidential building and small public building in transitional and south regionu所有的大型公共建筑uAll large pubic buildingsEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所今年的研究内容今年的研究内容Scheme of incentive policy study on BEE this yearl北方传统采暖区的住宅和中小公共建筑lResidential building and small public building in the traditional heating regionu采暖是耗能主体 ( 约 7080)uHeating energy consumption is mostu保温隔热和包括末端的供热系统改造是关键问题uInsulation and heating system retrofit are the key issues u但热改难以推行是主要障碍 , 且近期内不易解决uMajor barrier is the “meter heating”problemu对小区进行示范激励uMay establish incentive demonstration to community building Energy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所今年的研究内容今年的研究内容Scheme of incentive policy study on BEE this yearl过渡区和南方地区的住宅和中小公共建筑lResidential building and small public building in transitional and south regionu夏季有空调 , 冬季部分有采暖 , 并且没有热改障碍 , 进行节能激励的基础较好uDemand of cooling in summer and heating in winter, without “meter heating”problem, has good condition for incentive policyu关键的激励措施是建筑能效标识制度 , 依靠市场驱动 。uKey measure is building energy efficiency label and rating system, driven by marketEnergy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所今年的研究内容今年的研究内容Scheme of incentive policy study on BEE this yearl所有的大型公共建筑lAll large pubic buildingsu空调供冷能耗是能耗主体 , 能源浪费问题非常突出 。uCooling energy is most, with large energy wasteu关键政策措施是 “能源定额管理 ”和阶梯能源价格 , 进行严格的能耗评估 、 评审 , 并推动 ESCOs的节能改造 。uKey measures energy ration management, ladder energy price, energy audit and uation, retrofit by ESCOsu难点是如何辨别其是否节能 , 建议出台能耗汇报和能效分级制度 。uHow to identify the energy perance Energy reporting and energy efficiency rating system5Energy Research Institute 国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所今年的研究内容今年的研究内容Scheme of incentive policy study on BEE this yearl建筑物和能源系统lBuilding energy systeml系统与构件lSystem componentl长期激励与短期项目lLong-term management programl鼓励性与限制性激励lMore encourage or more rigorous l理想的实施效果分析lStudy on theoretical implementation results 超标建筑Efficient buildings政府机构节能EE Governmental agency