关于东京碳排放限额和交易计划.pdf
–1– Reference Analysis of implementation or planning of measures Reductions resulting from measures implemented or planned by covered facilities Reduction measures indicated in plans Measures for heat sources, air conditioning, and lighting Quantity Reductions tonnes Introduction of high-efficiency heat source equipment 409 135,342 Introduction of high-efficiency pumps for air conditioning and energy-saving control 388 38,000 Introduction of high-efficiency air conditioning equipment 409 39,919 Introduction of high-efficiency packaged air conditioning equipment 86 3,757 Introduction of variable-air-volume systems for air conditioning equipment 39 6,896 Introduction of systems for cooling using outside air 286 25,476 Introduction of external air volume control based on CO 2concentration 122 17,675 Introduction of total heat exchangers 47 3,774 Introduction of high-efficiency fans 285 19,379 “Cool Biz” and appropriate room temperatures during summer 112 15,904 Introduction of warming-up control 33 736 More careful timing of starting up air-conditioning before using rooms 140 14,141 Introduction of building energy management systems 47 7,636 Visualization of energy consumption included in above 9 649 Demand control systems 6 557 Introduction of high-efficiency lighting and energy saving control 1,745 130,618 LED lights included in above 1,452 110,225 Hf lights included in above 109 10,158 Sensors included in above 101 3,061 Relaxing illumination conditions 315 22,059 Total or partial lights-out during lunch break and outside business hours 30 937 Introduction of energy saving control for elevators 122 2,753 Total 11,499 1,378,015 Selection of low-carbon electricity or heat as a means to meet obligations In the second compliance period, a new mechanism has been introduced to accept equivalence to CO 2 reductions when covered facilities procure electricity or heating from TMG-certified suppliers with smaller emission factors. In FY2016, this mechanism was used by 17 facilities for low-carbon electricity and 123 facilities for low-carbon heat. Facilities selecting low-carbon electricity or heat in FY2016 Categories No. of facilities Total reductions Average ratio of reductions to emissions Low-carbon electricity 17 Approx. 3,000 t-CO 2 Approx. 2.6 Low-carbon heat 123 Approx. 5,800 t-CO 2 Approx. 0.5 1,000 tonnes of CO 2 New measures are planned every year, helping to increase reductions Further reductions are expected as new energy efficiency measures are implemented or planned to meet obligations for the second compliance period. Many reduction measures have been focused on updating to high-efficiency equipment, such as LED lights. FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 1,100 1,230 1,300 1,340 0 1,380 –2– 22 78 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 H26 H27 H28 H17 100 H17 100 CO2 H17 100 H17 100 85 75 Forecasts for compliance with obligations in second compliance period Ratio of compliance with reduction obligations in terms of results in FY2016 Reference Comparison with National Levels A comparison of yearly changes in CO 2emissions at facilities under the program and those in energy consumption in the business sector across Japan and the industrial and commercial sectors of Tokyo shows that the facilities have achieved significantly more reductions than national levels.* Comparison of reductions in CO 2 , etc. in the business sector across Japan, in the industrial and commercial sectors of Tokyo, and at facilities covered by Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program * The changes in CO 2emissions from facilities covered by the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program almost correspond to those in energy consumption at the facilities as the emissions are calculated by fixing CO 2emission factors. Data sources Final energy consumption across Japan announced by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy http//www.enecho.meti.go.jp/statistics/total_energy/pdf/stte_023.pdf Final energy consumption in Tokyo announced by TMG http//www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/climate/other/2015sokuhou_revised CO 2emissions from large facilities in Tokyo FY2005-FY2009 announced by TMG http//www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.jp/climate/large_scale/attachement/zenseidomatome.pdf Facilities whose reduction rates* fell short of the compliance factor Facilities whose reduction rates* exceeded the compliance factor Approximately 80 of facilities achieved reductions over their compliance factors in the second fiscal year of the second compliance period. Many facilities are expected to meet their obligations through their own reduction measures in the second compliance period as well. Yearly changes in final energy consumption in business sector across Japan based on FY2005 value as 100 Yearly changes in final energy consumption in industrial and commercial sectors of Tokyo based on FY2005 value as 100 Yearly changes in CO 2 emissions from large facilities in Tokyo with emission factor fixed based on FY2005 value as 100 *with respect to base-year levels * Facilities whose reduction rates with respect to base-year levels will exceed the compliance factor for the second compliance period 17 or 15 if emissions in FY2016 are maintained–3– Reference Changes in CO2 emissions when applying variable emission factors In order to uate energy conservation efforts of the covered facilities energy demand side, the CO2 emission factors of supply side electricity and others are fixed during the compliance period in the Tokyo Cap-and-Trade program. Calculating the CO2 emissions of covered facilities using the variable emission factors for each energy type, the amount of them has decreased by 10 in recent years although the emission factor of electricity has deteriorated 1.3 times from the base year. Emission Factor of Electricity Mean value of the electricity supplied in Tokyo Jurisdiction t-CO2/1,000kWh Base year 2010 2011 2012 2013 5014 2015 0.382 0.378 0.461 0.519 0.523 0.499 0.492 Emission Factor of Electricity Applied for Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program Fixed during each period t-CO2/1,000kWh First Compliance Period FY2010-2014 Second Compliance Period FY2015-2019 0.382 0.489 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 H22 H23 H24 H25 H26 H27 CO2 variable CO2 emissions from facilities under Tokyo Cap-and-Trade Program emission factor; fixed during each period Reduction rate compared to the Base year increase e decreasee ncr eas ee Base year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015