district0x (DNT)白皮书.pdf
district0 x Network White Paper v0.3 September 14th, 2017 A cooperative of decentralized marketplaces and communities. Powered by Ethereum, Aragon, and IPFS. Matus Lestan matusdistrict0 x.io Joe Urgo joedistrict0 x.io Alexander Khoriaty alexanderdistrict0 x.io 2 Abstract In this paper, we offer an overview of the district0 x Network, a collective of decentralized marketplaces and communities, hereafter referred to as districts. Districts exist as decentralized entities, built upon a standard open source framework comprised of Ethereum smart contracts and front-end libraries, hereafter referred to as d0 xINFRA. d0 xINFRA provides districts with core functionalities that are necessary to operate an online marketplace or community. Namely, the ability for users to post listings, filter and search through listings, rank peers and amass reputation, and send invoices and collect payments. The d0 xINFRA framework is designed to be open and extendable, allowing districts to be customized and granted additional functionality through the use of auxiliary modules. We also introduce the district0 x Network Token in order to facilitate open participation and coordination across the network while providing protections from malicious actors. The district0 x Network Token is a multi-utility token which is required for application to the district0 x Network, utilized in an incentivized voting game to dictate access to a suite of ancillary services exclusive to network members, used to signal support or disapproval for proposals made by network participants, and which can be staked to deposit pools to mint tokens providing district-specific rights on third-party plats. 3 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Districts 5 d0 xINFRA 8 Auxiliary Modules 9 Governance by Aragon 10 The District Registry 11 district0 x Network Token 14 district0 x Network Token Distribution 16 Roadmap 17 Projected Use of Contributions 18 Management of Contributions 19 Transparency Policy 20 Team 21 Appendix 22 4 Introduction In recent years, the economic powers of decentralization have materialized. Uber has disintermediated transportation and achieved a valuation of 69B. Airbnb has made 1similar disruptions in the lodging sector, giving them a value of 31B by most recent 2measures. Entrenched conglomerates are being uprooted by upstarts who realize that value is in the network effect of their users, rather than the cost of physical assets they own or expend. While customers of these services have enjoyed lower prices and better user experiences relative to those available in the past, they are still subject to higher costs than they would be without for-profit third-parties extracting fees and they have little say over the evolution of these plats. Despite business models relying upon sustaining massive user bases that allow them to operate at scale, users have no means of participating in the value creation reaped from their use of these centrally controlled plats. Until recent advancements in trustless network design, network participants had few reliable means for self-organizing without a centralized party. The advent and subsequent development of the Ethereum protocol has opened the door for experimentation in decentralized organizational structures and the distribution of governance rights to a network’s participants. Projects such as Aragon, Boardroom, Colony, and Giveth are actively working to harness the powers of Ethereum for these purposes, building plats that enable non-technical users to create and administrate decentralized organizations. These tools allow for new means of group coordination through economic incentives, making it possible to disintermediate marketplaces and communities and to allocate voting rights to their participants. In short, citizens of the internet can now build and control the plats they frequent every day. Utilizing the aforementioned technologies, the district0 x Network will facilitate the operation and governance of marketplaces and communities as decentralized entities. The district0 x Network will enable the recreation of many of the internet’s most popular applications and services while eliminating rent-seeking and the relinquishment of decisions and personal data to third-parties. 1 https// 2 https// 5 Districts The district0 x Network is comprised of districts. Districts are markets and communities that exist as decentralized entities built upon the d0 xINFRA framework. At the core of every district are components necessary to operate a marketplace or bulletin board application. All districts provide the following baseline functionalities ● Posting and listings ● Search and filtering ● Ranking and reputation ● Payments and invoicing These capabilities are tied together and made accessible to users via list, thumbnail, and gallery-style user interfaces, popularized by online services such as Craigslist and Reddit. Ethlance Launched on the Ethereum MainNet in January 2017, Ethlance is a freelance job market and the first district of the district0 x Network. 6 Ethlance allows users to create an employer/employee profile, list and apply for open positions, rank and provide feedback for employers/employees, and to send/receive invoices. Ethlance does not charge any service fees, and users pay only the necessary cost of gas to broadcast their profiles, posts, messages, feedback, and invoices to the Ethereum network. Ethlance’s code is completely open-source at x/ethlance. Ethlance’s front-end source files are written in Clojurescript and served via IPFS. Ethlance’s backend logic is governed by 14 smart contracts deployed on the Ethereum MainNet Appendix A. Since its launch, over 410 users have created a profile and more than 190 open positions have been listed. Projects such as Status, Aragon, Colony, WeTrust, Rex, JAAK, and Giveth are amongst those currently hiring via Ethlance. As the original district, Ethlance serves as an experimental sandbox for the creation and refinement of the d0 xINFRA framework and will be developed in perpetuity alongside other districts deployed by the district0 x team. Name Bazaar The second district to be deployed to the district0 x Network will be Name Bazaar, a peer-to-peer marketplace for the exchange of names registered via the Ethereum Name Service. Name Bazaar intends to provide an easily discoverable registry of ENS names that have been made available for purchase by their owners. Amongst available options, owners will be able to choose to open customized auctions or list their names for sale at fixed prices. Sellers will have the option of setting their prices in ETH or any ERC20 token. Name Bazaar will also allow for the trading of subdomains, enabling the exchange of usernames in decentralized applications such as Status and organization names in the Aragon Network Company Registry. Meme Factory Inspired by the work of Simon de la Rouviere and his Curation Markets design, the third district to be deployed to the district0 x Network is Meme Factory. Meme Factory will allow users to mint their own tokenized memes and offer them for sale immediately. 7 Meme Factory will provide an interface for the creation of provably rare digital assets on the Ethereum blockchain which can be immediately posted to a bulletin board-style marketplace for exchange. Tokenizing and posting a meme to Meme Factory will resemble the process of creating a new post on Reddit. Minting a tokenized meme will resemble the process of upvoting. The number of tokens in existence for a particular meme at any given time will act as the ranking mechanism, resembling the number of upvotes a post has received. These functions will be tied together with a Curation Market model, with the cost of minting and the rates at which one can redeem their memes governed by a scaling pricing curve. Future Districts Following the launch of Meme Factory, the district0 x team intends to continue to introduce new districts to the district0 x Network. The district0 x Network makes use of an open proposal process, allowing all community members to ideas for new districts via the district0 x GitHub. The district0 x Network Token offers a means for network participants to signal which districts they would like to see built and deployed to the network next, enabling holders to coordinate around ideas which will add the most utility. Signaling is currently facilitated via the District Proposal Voting dApp, a customized implementation of CarbonVote. District Creation Plat The district0 x Network will ultimately be comprised of global marketplaces and hyperlocal communities alike. The district creation plat will provide users with an easy to use interface to design and deploy their own districts to the district0 x Network. The district creation plat will provide a way to customize the parameters of the smart contracts powering a district and will offer numerous UI options to support a wide variety of markets and communities. The district creation interface will feature an auxiliary module directory, similar to the Apple App Store, to allow for the easy discovery of plugins that extend the functionality and utility of districts. 8 d0 xINFRA d0 xINFRA is an open source framework comprised of Ethereum smart contracts and front-end libraries that govern the deployment of new districts to the network and provide their baseline functionalities. Each district’s backend logic will be controlled by a combination of d0 xINFRA contracts shared by all districts on the network and a set of district-specific contracts. Similarly, for the front-end, districts will share reusable components where possible, primarily ‘under-the-hood’ front-end logic, while still allowing for broad visual UI diversity. The district0 x Network seeks to be home to a vast array of markets and communities. In accordance with this vision, d0 xINFRA has been designed as an open and extendable modular system that allows districts to implement unique features and enhanced functionality via the plug-in of auxiliary modules covered in the following section. 9 Auxiliary Modules To allow for the development and deployment of new features, functionality, and revenue generating mechanisms to districts, districts can be customized and extended through the use of auxiliary modules. An example of an auxiliary module that could potentially generate revenue for a district, is one which provides a mechanism for users to bid on premium placement of their listings, similar to Google AdWords. Winning bids would be sent to the district’s governance pool. The participants in a district ultimately determine how funds in their governance pool are to be allocated via their voting processes. Another example of a potential revenue generating auxiliary module, is one which allows for the optional insurance of proposals on the plat. One could imagine a third-party service deploying a module to offer financial guarantees on arrangements between users of the plat in exchange for a fee. An example of an auxiliary module that can enhance the user experience of a district is a moderation mechanism that allows for the flagging and takedown of spam, malicious links, or explicit content. Districts will decide on a district by district basis what auxiliary modules are implemented via their governance processes. Third parties are encouraged to develop and contribute auxiliary modules to district0 x. They are incentivized to do so via the ability to charge districts fees for usage rights. 10 Governance by Aragon Launched in 2017, Aragon is an operating system for