低碳农业-气候友好型农业.pdf
Zurich, August 2018苏 黎世, 2018年 8月Low Carbon Agriculture – Climate Friendly Agriculutre低碳农业 -气候友好型农业AgroCO2ncept – A Swiss Pioneer ProjectAgroCO2ncept –瑞士先驱项目Agenda 议题 WHY we need climate friendly agriculture HOW can agriculture contribute to climate protection WHAT does low carbon agriculture implyThe case of the AgroCO2ncept Conclusions and recommendations Political Framework for Low Carbon Agriculture Perspectives为什么我们需要气候友好型农业 农业如何为保护气候做出贡献 低碳农业意味着什么 AgroCO2ncept案例结论与建议低碳农业的政治框架未来展望WHY do we need Climate Friendly Agriculture为什么我们需要气候友好型农业 WHY Climate Friendly Agriculture为什么是气候友好型农业 Worldwide double challenge for agricultureAgriculture as significant GHG emission contributorAgriculture as highly exposed sector against climate change effects Double Strategy neededActions against climate changeActions for climate adaptation Goals can only be achieved joining forces all along thue chain. That for a changing of perception is needed Climate Friendly Agriculture has the potential to identify andrealize new solutions and partnerships全球农业面临的双重挑战农业作为重要的温室气体排放贡献者农业作为高度受抗气候变化影响的部门双重战略需求应对气候变化的行动适应气候变化的行动只有价值链的各个环节联合起来才能实现目标这对于改变看法必不可少气候友好型农业有潜力确定和实现新的解决方案及合作伙伴关系WHY Climate Friendly Agriculture为什么是气候友好型农业 Low Carbon Agriculture is a key opportunity to Avoid costly emerging measures; Be be more prepared for dealing with unstable production conditions; Create more resilience to the adverse impacts of climate change and the vulnerability of agricultural production systems with their associated sectors and communities; Establish economically more diverse and flexible regional supply-, value- and production chains with more costumer proximity offering a more stable economic basis for famers with a long-term vision for sustainable natural resource management. 低碳农业带来的重要机遇避免高昂的新兴措施为不稳定的生产条件做好更充分的准备更好的适应气候变化带来的不利影响和改善农业生产系统及其相关部门和社区的脆弱性建立更多样化的经济,更灵活的区域供应、价值和生产链,更贴近客户,以长期可持续自然资源管理为愿景,为农民提供更稳定的经济基础WHY Climate Friendly Agriculture为什么是气候友好型农业 The agricultural challenges are, that we must now.农业上的挑战包括1repair the life supporting systems, such asa stable climate, and 修复生命保障系统,如稳定的气候2 move beyond producing more food for more people.为更多人生产更多的食物We want to take part in fulfilling these two tasks.”我们希望参与这两项任务的履行Yivy and Kjell Sielin, Swedish farmer coupleYivy 和 Kjell Sielin,一对瑞典的农民夫妇Source. Viable Climate-friendly Farming - Socio-economic Strategies, SOLMACC –Strategies for Organic and Low- farming to Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change, IFOAM EU, 2017 HOW can Agriculture Contribute to Climate Protection农业如何为保护气候做出贡献Elements of Low Carbon Agriculture on farm system农场系统的低碳农业要素 For each element a number of measures exist Efficiency of measures can vary from farm to farmCropping and Tillage SystemsLivestockCarbon SequestrationEnergy UseLocal and regional value-, supply- and processing-systems每一个要素都有一系列的措施措施的功效因农场而异种植和耕作系统牲畜碳固定能源利用本地和区域价值、供应和加工系统GOOD HOUSEKEEPINGAppropriate managerial and operational actions to prevent leaks, spills, etc.e.g. Removing dust and moisture on distribution line Fixing leakages of compressor’s air pipe BETTER PROCESS CONTROLRe-adjust process parameters such as temperature, time, pressure, etc. for more optimal process conditions. e.g. Decrease voltage to standard Optimization of running period so that machine are not turned on and off too often EQUIPMENT ADAPTATION Improve the existing equipment so less material is wasted.e.g. Isolation of boilers and tubes Replace classic lighting bulbs by led bulbsNEW PROCESS TECHNOLOGY Install modern and more efficient equipment. Requires higher investments. However, potential savings and quality improvements often pays back the investment in a very short time. e.g. Replacing motors by high efficiency motors Valorizing biomass as fuel for drying processesWASTE AND BY-PRODUCTS VALORIZATIONRecovery of valuable by-products e.g. On-site valorization use rice husks to dry paddy Off-site valorization ricehusks pellet productionCleaner Production approach for industriesan analogy for mitigating measures on farm level.良好的工作环境管理采取适当的管理及运营行动以预防渗漏、溢出等例如 清除配电线路的灰尘和水分 修理压缩机气管泄露更好的过程控制重新调整过程参数例如温度、时间、压力等,以提供更加优化的过程条件。例如 降低电压至标准水平 优化运行周期,以免过于频繁地开关机器设备改造改进现有设备减少材料浪费。例如 隔离锅炉及管道 使用 LED灯替代传统灯泡新工艺技术安装现代高效装备。需要更多投资,但潜在的节约及质量改善可以在非常短的时间内收回投资。例如 使用高效发动机替代普通发动机 利用生物能作为干燥处理的燃料利用废料及副产品回收有价值的副产品。例如 现场利用使用稻壳干燥稻谷 场外利用生产稻壳颗粒更加清洁的工业生产方法 类似于农场层级的缓解措施WHAT Does Low Carbon Agriculture ImplyThe Case of the AgroCO2ncept低碳农业意味着什么AgroCO2ncept 案例Background背景 Project founded in 2012 by 12 farmers in Flaachtal Switzerland Main goal show how to develop towards a climate-friendly and resource- efficient agriculture based on practical implementations on their own farms The projects area Flaachtal lies 30 km from Zurich, biggest city in Switzerland, and near to the German border Source WikimediaThe three founders of the AgroCO2ncept Project Source S. Stieger, Zurich.三名 AgroCO2ncept项目创始人(来源S.Stieger, Zurich)2012年项目由 Flaachtal(瑞士)的 12名农民创立主要目标展示如何根据自营农场的实际实施 ,来发展有助于气候友好以及资源高效利用的农业项目区 Flaachtal距离瑞士最大的城市苏黎世约30km,紧靠德国边境线 苏黎世Target ula目标公式«2 0/ 20 /2 0» Pr o j e c t O b j e c ti v e F o r m u l a to r e a c h u n ti l 2 0 2 0 Mi n u s 2 0 C O2-e m i s s i o n s Mi n u s 2 0 c o s ts Pl u s 2 0 a d d e d v a l u e R e n e w a b l e En e rg y Pr o d u ct i o n G H G - Em i ssi o n s En e rg y C o n su mp t i o n I ma g e C - Se q u e st ra t i o n En e rg y Ef f i ci e n cy Q u a l i t y o f Su p p l y Q u a l i t y o f Pr o d u ct s Se rvi ce s 减少 20CO2排放减少 20费用增加 20附加值温室气体排放碳固定能源消耗可再生能源产品能源效率产品及服务质量供应质量形象ACCT – on-farm CO2 and energy balanceACCT-农场二氧化碳及能源平衡 ACCT stands for AgriClimateChange ToolACCT为农业气候变化工具 Instrument for assessing energy consumption, GHG emissions and carbon storage on farm level评估农场能源消耗,温室气体排放和碳封存的工具 In use to asses the 26 participating farms用于评估 26个参与的农场CO2 Accounting Energy Monitoring Tool ACCT二氧化碳计算与能源监测工具 ACCTSet ofMeasures系列措施Expert 专家意见ImpactMonitoring Assessment对影响的监测与评估Implementationand Valorization实施与定价Framework Conditionse.g. Agricultural PoliciesMarkets框架条件如农业政策、市场Carbon EnergyFootprint碳与能源足迹Farm System“Enterprise“农场系统“企业”Selection ofMeasures措施的挑选Set of climate- and energy effectiveon-farm measuresvalorization of cropresiduespermanent pastureefficient machines and equipmentintroduce and optimize irrigation technologyusage of bio charoptimize type and quantity of fertiliserbreeding and livestock managementregularmaintenanceand repairincrease soil coveringGHG-reduced livestock feedingreduce vehicle crossing / soil compactioncompost cultivation and managementUse of wood energy / block heating stationwaste recyclingoptimizing land structures reduction of tillage intensityoptimization of fertilisersbuilding insulationno leakingtanks, optimized plants equipmentreduction of overall energy consumptioncovering slurry tankreduction number of tripsbundling of work processesreduction of pesticidespyrolysis plantassessment optimization of of crop rotationbiogas plantreduction /substitution material usagesubsoil slurry tankagroforestryincreased pasture grazingphotovoltaic / solar thermal energyliquid manure systemsventilation of slurrymanure compostingwaste heat utilisationcleaning of dirty stable areasControlled cool byre climatefeed additives e.g. phospho-gypsum, lactic acidOn-field MeasuresLivestock MeasuresEnergy EfficiencyAdditionalMeasures利用农作物残余永久牧场高效机器及设备引进、优化灌溉技术利用生物炭优化肥料类型及用量饲养及畜牧业管理定期维护及修复增加土壤覆盖减少牲畜饲养温室气体减少车辆穿行 /土壤压实堆肥种植及管理利用木材能源 /分区供热站废物循环优化土地结构降低耕作强度优化肥料建筑隔热消除容器泄露,优化工厂及设备降低整体能耗泥浆槽覆盖减少旅行次数集成工作流程减少农药热解厂评估 轮值优化沼气厂减少 /替代材料使用泥浆槽底土农林业增加牧场放牧光伏 /太阳能液体厩肥系统泥浆槽通风堆肥废热利用清洁脏乱的棚厩地区可控(凉爽)棚厩气候饲料添加剂如磷石膏、乳酸农场措施畜牧业措施能源效率附加措施一系列气候和能源有效的农场措施Selected measures financed by a“Resource Project“ *Breeding and livestock managementEfficient machines and equipmentregular maintenance and repairIncrease soil coveringValorisation of crop residuesReduce vehicle crossing and soil compactionComposting cultivation and managementUsage of biocharPermanent pastureIntroduce and optimize irrigation systemOptimise type and quantity of fertilizerGHG-reduced livestock feedingcrop production.animal husbandry, energyMeasures in and* A specific applied pilot- and research project financed by theSwiss Federal Office for Agriculture由“资源项目”资助的优选措施 *养殖和牲畜管理高效的机械设备定期保养及维修增加土地覆盖作物秸秆利用 减少车辆穿越和土壤压实堆肥种植和管理生物炭的使用永久牧场引进和优化灌溉系统优化肥料的种类和数量温室气体减排的畜牧养殖农产品畜牧业 能源措施关于 和*一项由瑞士联邦农业办公室资助的具体应用的试点研究项目Example Winery Castle Goldenberg戈登堡葡萄酒庄案例Source www.schloss-goldenberg.ch 20187 measures 7项措施 Optimize cooling of wine tanks. Introduce an own bottle returning system Whole-glass collection produces significantly less environmental pollution than usual glass recycling. Production of renewable energy with photovoltaic panels for self-consumption. Reduce thickness of glass bottles. Application of bio char in the vineyards as soil enhancer as CO2-sequestration. Building insulation. Regular maintenance and repair of machinery. 优化酒桶冷却系统引入自己的瓶子回收系统全玻璃收集所产生的环境污染明显少于普通的玻璃回收。使用光伏太阳能板生产可再生能源以满足自身需求降低玻璃瓶的厚度在葡萄园中使用生物炭作为土壤增强剂用于 CO2封存建筑保温定期保养维修机器Example for inter-farm measures with high CO2-reduction potential具有较高二氧化碳减排潜力的农场间措施案例Farmer A 农场 Afeed production stops clover drying生产饲料 阻止草料干化- 9’500 l heating oil- 9500 升燃料油Farmer B 农场 BLivestock feeding牲畜喂养25 t clover replace 20 t concentrated feed 25吨草料代替 20吨精制饲料purchase of surplus slurry采购剩余浆料Farmer C 农场 CReactivation of slurry tank as interim storage浆料活化,在罐中临时储存250 m3 slurry replace 12 t fertilizer250 m3 浆料代替 12吨化肥use of slurry instead of fertilizer使用浆液代替肥料Total Reduction -60 t CO2eq/year总减排 - 60吨二氧化碳当量 /年takeover clover direct from field直接从草场收割草料Conclusions and Recommendations结 论与建议Conclusions of the AgroCO2ncept projectRealistic Some farmers achieved even higher reduction e.g. winery Key apply holistic set of measures. High GHG reduction potential with livestock management. But reduction of methane CH4 is limited«20/20/20»Minus 20 CO2-emissionsMinus 20 costs Plus 20 added valueRealisticAll farmer achieved cost reductions, however, with varying effectsKey Increase energy and resource efficiencyMost difficult targetFarmer depend on market and consumers.Changing consumer behavior is a prerequisite for awareness and willingness to pay higher prices for climate-friendly agro-products and servicesTarget ulaAgroCO2ncept项目总结现 实情况 一些农民甚至实现了更高的二氧化碳减排目标(如酿酒厂) 关键因素落实一整套措施 畜牧业管理领域蕴含更高的温室气体减排潜力。但是甲烷减排能力有限«20/20/20»降低 20 CO2排放成本降低 20 附加值提高 20 现实情况 所有农民都实现了成本降低,然而,效果不同关键因素提高能效与资源效率最难实现的目标 农民对市场和消费者依赖度高改变消费者行为是先决条件,使其意识到并愿意以更高的价钱购买气候友好型农产品和服务目标Recommendations and next steps Agricultural practices need to become an inherent part of change polices on national, regional and communal level. In return also climate change policies need to be better integrated in the agriculture and food sectors. For reducing GHG emissions in a sustainable way, a multi-objective approach is needed which helps to trans pure food production systems into integrated agro-ecological production and resource management systems.建议及后续工作 农业措施需要成为国家、地区、社区层面政策修订的内在部分 作为回报,气候变化政策需要更好地整合进农业和食品领域 以可持续的方式减少温室气体排放,需要采用多目标方法,这有助于将纯食品加工系统转型为综合农业生态生产和资源管理系统Policy Framework for Low Carbon Agriculture低碳农业政治框架Integrated approach Climate Smart Agricultureand Agro-Food-Processing Systems整合方法气候智慧农业及农产品加工系统Business Development商务开发Climate-Smart Regional Development气候智能区域开发Knowledge Management知识管理Participatory Planning and Decision Making参与式规划和决策Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production RECP资源效率与更加清洁的生产(RECP)Low Carbon – Climate Smart Agriculture and Agro-Food Processing Systems低碳 气候智慧农业与农业食品加工系统Land Resource Management土地资源管理Circular Economy循环经济Monitoring and Data Management监测与数据管理NationalInternationalRegionalLocalIndividualLEVELS ENERGY CLIMATE AGRICULTUREPrinciple of SubsidiarityIntersectoral CoordinationInternational Agreements e.g. with EU, United Nations, laws, conventionsFederal Government and Offices, Federal Policies, Programs and LawsCantonal Government and Offices Implementing agencies, cantonal laws Communal cutive Authorities Link to the Individual level Individuals Citizens, companies, organizations3 Pillars of the Swiss Policy and Legal Framework国家国际地区本地个人国际协议(如与欧盟、联合国)、法律、公约等联邦政府和办公室、联邦政策、项目、法律等州政府和办公室 执行机构、州法律社区执行政府 与个人层面相关个人 市民、公司、组织机构层面 能源 气候 农业辅助原则跨部门合作瑞士政策和法律框架的三大支柱EnergyNationalInternationalRegionalLocalIndividualLEVELS ENERGYE.g. European Union bilateral electricity agreementNEW Energy Strategy 2050 adopted 21 May 2017Revised Federal Energy Law 1 January 2018, binding standardsCantonal laws and programs 2000-Watt-Society, Labeling “Energy Town Label“, subsidies and funding programs, energy consulting, ination and advisory programs, promotion of renewable energiesE.g. communal construction regulations standards for buildings, local heatnetworks, pricing policies for electricity, “Energy Town Label“,Implementation of renewable energy supply systemsInvestments in renewable energies, active pricing, marketing,change consumption behavior and patterns etc.