WTC区块链项目白皮书.pdf
Waltonchain White Paper V 1.0.4 Value Internet of Things VIoT constructs a perfect commercial ecosystem via the integration of the real world and the blockchain Ushering human beings into the reliable digital life Waltonchain unfolds the new era of Value Internet of Things VIoT By the Waltonchain Team 2018.02.08 Table of Contents Part 1 Introduction The concept of the Value Internet of Things ................................................................. 1 1.1 The Inevitable Trend of Internet Technology Innovation The Value Internet of Things .................. 1 1.2 The Blockchain Technology Development Trend Rapid Expansion of Application Areas ................. 3 1.3 The Technical Preparation to Create the Era of Value Internet of Things VIoT Has Been Completed .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Part 2 Journey The Realization of Value Internet of Things .......................................................................... 8 2.1 General Description ............................................................................................................................ 8 2.2 The hardware of the Value Internet of Things ................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 What is RFID .............................................................................................................................. 8 2.2.2 RFID tags ................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.3 Introduction of UHF RFID ICs .................................................................................................... 11 2.2.4 Analysis on the Advantages and Disadvantages of International RFID ICs............................... 12 2.2.5 The Overall Design of the RFID ICs of the Value Internet of Things ......................................... 13 2.3 The Software of the Value Internet of Things .................................................................................. 17 2.3.1 The Interpretation of WALTON ................................................................................................ 17 2.3.2 The Overall Structure of Waltonchain ...................................................................................... 18 2.3.3 Waltonchain Protocol and Waltoncoin .................................................................................... 20 2.3.4 Waltonchain ecosystem ........................................................................................................... 31 2.4 Application Scenarios Waltonchain Project’s System Solutions for the Apparel Industry ............. 35 2.4.1 Analysis on the Dilemma of the Traditional Apparel Manufacturing ....................................... 36 2.4.2 Smart Manufacturing Solution for the Apparel Industry .......................................................... 37 2.4.3 Smart Logistics Warehousing Solution for the Apparel Industry .......................................... 39 2.4.4 Smart Store Solution for the Apparel Industry ......................................................................... 41 Part 3 Future Value Internet of Things Will Change the World .................................................................. 45 3.1 The Stage Planning of the Waltonchain Project ............................................................................... 45 3.2 The Investment Value of the Waltonchain Project .......................................................................... 48 Part 4 Project Foundation................................................................................................................................ 51 Part 5 Team Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 54 第五部分 团队简介 ....................................................................................................................................... 54 5.1 Initiators ................................................................................................................................................ 54 5.2 Senior Advisors ...................................................................................................................................... 55 5.3 Chief Experts .......................................................................................................................................... 56 5.4 Team Members...................................................................................................................................... 57 5.5 Angel Investors ................................................................................................................................. 63 5.6 Consultant Team .............................................................................................................................. 64 Part 6 References ............................................................................................................................................ 67 1 Part 1 Introduction The concept of the Value Internet of Things 1.1 The Inevitable Trend of Internet Technology Innovation The Value Internet of Things We are in an era where new technologies lead to social changes. In the age of ination and the Internet, human collaboration and communication break through time and space constraints, and the world becomes an overall interactive plat. In recent years, the Internet has entered a new business at of “Internet ”. In this stage, a new of economic and social development of “Internet all traditional industries” driven by knowledge and social innovation 2.0 provides a broad network plat for the re, innovation and development of various industries. At present, the ination age is entering an unprecedented important stage of development where the objects can be connected to each other through the Internet; this stage is called the third wave of the development of the world ination industry following the computer and the Internet the age of the Internet of Things IoT. Internet of Things technology contains two meanings first, the core and foundation of the Internet of Things is still the Internet, the Internet of Things is an extension of the Internet; second, the client side of the Internet of Things extends to the ination exchange and communication between any objects, which is so called object-to-object interrelation. However, from the Internet, to the Internet and then to the Internet of things, all stages have failed to solve the problem of localization of ination 2 dissemination e.g. centralization. It is difficult for the Internet of things under the current central structure to accomplish the real autonomous cooperation and effective transactions, because the relevant parties of such cooperation and transactions often belong to different stakeholders with complex and uncertain trust relationship. Therefore, the collaboration and transactions of the current Internet of Things devices can only be carried out under the same trust domain, the devices to collaborate and trade must be provided or verified by the same Internet of Things service provider, which significantly reduces the true commercial value of the Internet of Things applications. In this context, we put forward the concept of the “Value Internet of Things VIoT”, focusing on introducing the blockchain technology into the Internet of things, to solve the problem of centralization facing the development process of the Internet of Things. The blockchain is a decentralized transaction record storage technology based on cryptographic principles; with a distributed point-to-point network, it can achieve the permanent storage of orderly transaction record which is undeletable, tamper-resistant, open and traceable, so it is recognized as the best choice to meet the above challenges. In the ecology of the blockchain, people can trade safely without trust established in advance, because every transaction is well recorded in the “public ledger” of the blockchain, which is a perfect solution to the trust and equity issues of the Internet virtual world. The inevitable trends of the Value Internet of Things are shown in Figure 1.1. 3 Figure 1.1 The inevitable trend of the Value Internet of Things 1.2 The Blockchain Technology Development Trend Rapid Expansion of Application Areas Bitcoin appeared in 2009 and began to circulate. The total market capitalization of Bitcoin has exceeded 30 billion, making Bitcoin a successful application of the blockchain technology in the field of digital money. Ethereum introduced smart contracts to program the complex contract rules into the blockchain by way of code. Smart contracts can be automatically cuted when the agreed conditions are reached, as a result, the field of application of the blockchain has been broadened; the representative Namecoin and Datacoin extended the object of the blockchain from the electronic money trading record in the era of Bitcoin to the domain name, user data and other fields. 4 As an organic component of the blockchain distributed implementation, the consensus mechanism has also undergone full development; as a result, several major consensus mechanisms have appeared POW Proof of Work, e.g. Work to Prove Consensus Mechanism, also known as the mining mechanism. Bitcoin is first one to use the POW mechanism to dominate the block generation. The node continues trying to calculate the block hash value corresponding to each block ledger’s content to satisfy a specific condition, that is, N zeros are used as the preamble. This will increase the difficulty of Block generation, significantly reducing the risk of correct subchains being replaced by quickly generated longer malicious subchains, but will also lead to the waste of many computing resources of the mining machines at the same time. POS Proof of Stake, e.g. Stake to Prove Consensus Mechanism. It is an upgrade of the POW consensus mechanism to control the length of mining time based on the number of the tokens and the holding time of the node; it can effectively reduce the mining time, but still cannot avoid the problem of wasting the computing resources of the mining machines. DPOS Delegated Proof of Stake, e.g. Delegated Stake to Prove Consensus Mechanism. Its principle is that tokens select a certain number of nodes by voting to complete the verification and accounting work for them. This consensus mechanism can greatly reduce the number of nodes involved in accounting and verification to achieve rapid consensus verification, but it also relies on the existence of the tokens, so that some applications that do not require tokens will be limited. PBFT Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance. It is a consistency algorithm by message transmission that achieves consistency through three phases to determine the final block generation. If there are 3f 1 nodes, this algorithm can tolerate the existence of f error nodes, so that the consistency results will not be 5 affected. This mechanism can be divorced from the existence of coins, the consensus node can be determined by participants and regulators, and 25 seconds of shared delay are basically able to meet the commercial requirements. Various consensus mechanisms have their own considerations and significance in terms of their respective business scenarios and technical means. When compared to each other, they have different improvements and enhancements in different aspects, as well as different disadvantages, so there seems to be no optimal consensus mechanism. Achieving the pluggable applications of various consensus mechanisms, choosing the right consensus mechanism according to the specific application scenario and optimizing the application of blockchain shall be the best way for further application in more fields. Various trends indicate that blockchain technology is expanding its application to more and more areas, such as digital money and smart contracts, while the earlier relevant technologies failed to break the connection barrier between the virtual network and the real world. Applying the blockchain to the Internet of Things and smart systems and connecting the item tags and identity tags in the real world to the virtual network via RFID technology will successfully build this connection, ultimately achieve the interconnection of all things and create the era of Value Internet of Things VIoT. 1.3 The Technical Preparation to Create the Era of Value Internet of Things VIoT Has Been Completed Traditional Internet of Things IoT is a network which enables all the common objects that can per independent functions to be interconnected. It connects the sensors, controllers and objective entities through network technology to realize intelligent management and control. For example, through radio frequency 6 identification RFID, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other ination sensing equipment, it connects any item to the Internet to carry out ination exchange and communication according to the agreement, to achieve intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. As an extension of the Internet, the Internet of Things further promotes the connections between machine and machine, human and machine and achieves the full life cycle circulation management of data in the ination world. With the continuous advances of technology, the development and application of the Internet of Things technology have achieved remarkable results in recent years. There are already billions of sensors and smart controllers put into use so far, and the number of the sensors and smart controllers is expected to grow in the next few years. However, the Internet of Things technology is also facing many problems and challenges which may become great obstacles for the future development and application of the Internet of Things. The era of the Value Internet of Things led by RFID and blockchain technologies can provide solutions to these problems. The technical realization of the Value Internet of Things means connecting the items tags, event tags, people and body tags and other entity tags in the real world with the virtual world of the Internet through the underlying hardware plat using the RFID tags as the core, combined with the blockchain technology delivering value and constructing trust, to achieve the real interconnection of all things. The speed of transition from the Ination Internet and traditional Internet of Things to the Value Internet of Things based on RFID and blockchain technology may be far beyond the curre