International Debt Statistics 2017International Debt Statistics 2017 2017 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone 202-473-1000; Internet www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved1 2 3 4 19 18 17 16 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpreta-tions, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of cutive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. 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Permission required for reuse.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data has been applied forvPreface viiAcknowledgments ixUser Guide to Tables xiUser Guide to IDS Online Tables xiiiHow to Access IDS Online Country Tables xiiiIndicators xvHow to Use the DataBank xviiPART I Overview 1Introduction 3Trends in Low- and Middle-Income Country Debt Flows and Stocks, 2015 4Aggregate Financial Flows to Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2015 5REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES, 2015 8East Asia and Pacific 8Europe and Central Asia 10Latin America and the Caribbean 12Middle East and North Africa 14South Asia 16Sub-Saharan Africa 18External Debt Trends in High-Income Economies 20Public Sector Debt Statistics – Trends in 2015 22PART II Aggregate and Country Tables 25All Low- and Middle-Income Countries 27East Asia and Pacific 28Europe and Central Asia 29Latin America and the Caribbean 30Middle East and North Africa 31South Asia 32Sub-Saharan Africa 33Afghanistan 34Albania 35Algeria 36Angola 37Argentina 38Armenia 39Azerbaijan 40Bangladesh 41Belarus 42Belize 43Benin 44Bhutan 45Bolivia, Plurinational State of 46Bosnia and Herzegovina 47Botswana 48Brazil 49Bulgaria 50Burkina Faso 51Burundi 52Cabo Verde 53Cambodia 54Cameroon 55Central African Republic 56Chad 57China 58Colombia 59Comoros 60Congo, Democratic Republic of 61Congo, Republic of 62Costa Rica 63Cte d’Ivoire 64Djibouti 65Dominica 66Dominican Republic 67Ecuador 68Table of ContentsINTERNATIONAL DEBT STATISTICS 2017viEgypt, Arab Republic of 69El Salvador 70Eritrea 71Ethiopia 72Fiji 73Gabon 74Gambia, The 75Georgia 76Ghana 77Grenada 78Guatemala 79Guinea 80Guinea-Bissau 81Guyana 82Haiti 83Honduras 84India 85Indonesia 86Iran, Islamic Republic of 87Jamaica 88Jordan 89Kazakhstan 90Kenya 91Kosovo 92Kyrgyz Republic 93Lao People’s Democratic Republic 94Lebanon 95Lesotho 96Liberia 97Macedonia, FYR 98Madagascar 99Malawi 100Malaysia 101Maldives 102Mali 103Mauritania 104Mauritius 105Mexico 106Moldova 107Mongolia 108Montenegro 109Morocco 110Mozambique 111Myanmar 112Nepal 113Nicaragua 114Niger 115Nigeria 116Pakistan 117Panama 118Papua New Guinea 119Paraguay 120Peru 121Philippines 122Romania 123Russian Federation 124Rwanda 125Samoa 126So Tom and Prncipe 127Senegal 128Serbia 129Sierra Leone 130Solomon Islands 131Somalia 132South Africa 133Sri Lanka 134St. Lucia 135St. Vincent and the Grenadines 136Sudan 137Swaziland 138Syrian Arab Republic 139Tajikistan 140Tanzania 141Thailand 142Togo 143Tonga 144Tunisia 145Turkey 146Turkmenistan 147Uganda 148Ukraine 149Uzbekistan 150Vanuatu 151Venezuela, Repblica Bolivariana de 152Vietnam 153Yemen, Republic of 154Zambia 155Zimbabwe 156APPENDIX About the Data 157Data Sources and ology 159Data Sources 159ology 160External Debt and Its Components 163Sources of the Macroeconomic Indicators 166Country Groups 169Regional Groups 169Income Groups 170Glossary 171Debt Reporting System DRS 171Quarterly Debt Statistics 175viiThis year’s edition of International Debt Statistics, successor to Global Development Finance and World Debt Tables, and the fourth in the series, is designed to respond to user demand for timely, comprehensive data on trends in external debt in low- and middle-income coun-tries. It also provides summary ination on the external debt of high-income countries and public domestic and external debt for a select group of countries.The World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System DRS, from which the aggregate and country tables presented in this report are drawn, was established in 1951. World Debt Tables, the first publication that included DRS external debt data, appeared in 1973 and gained increased attention during the debt crisis of the 1980s. Since then, the publication and data have undergone numerous revisions and iterations to address the challenges and demands posed by the global eco-nomic conditions.Presentation of and access to data have been refined to improve the user experience. The printed edition of International Debt Statistics 2017 now provides a summary overview and a select set of indicators, while an expanded dataset is available online datatopics.worldbank.org / debt/ids.By providing comprehensive and timely data that reflects the latest additions and revisions, and by expanding the scope of the data available online, we aim to serve the needs of our users and to reach a wider audience. Improvements in data dissemination are matched with ongoing efforts to improve the quality and timeliness of data collection. In partnership with the major provid-ers of debt data management systems to low- and middle-income countries, the Commonwealth Secretariat COMSEC and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD, we are working toward an estab-lished standard code and a set of system links that will enable countries to provide their DRS reports electronically in a seamless and automated data exchange process.As these changes take place, we welcome your feedback and suggestions for further improve-ments at dataworldbank.org.Haishan FuDirector, Development Data GroupPrefaceixThis volume was prepared by the Financial Data Team of the Development Data Group DECDG, led by Evis Rucaj under the management of Grant Cameron and compris-ing Parul Agarwal, Karla Mirari Yee Amezaga, Peter Bourke, Cynthia Nyanchama Nyakeri, Malvina Pollock, Sun Hwa Song, Rubena Sukaj, Rasiel Vellos, and Alagiriswamy Venkatesan, who worked closely with other teams in DECDG. The team was assisted by Elysee Kiti. The overview of current developments was prepared by Malvina Pollock, Evis Rucaj, and Rasiel Vellos in consulta-tion with the staff of DECDG; country economists reviewed the data tables. The work was carried out under the direction of Haishan Fu. Valuable was provided by the Vice Presidency, Developmental Economics, and from the Chief Economist, Operations and Strategy department.The online database was prepared by Shelley Fu and William Prince. International Debt Statistics electronic products were prepared by a team led by Malarvizhi Veerappan under the supervision of Soong Sup Lee and compris-ing Ramgopal Erabelly, Shelley Fu, Karthik Krishnamoorthy, Ugendran Machakkalai, and Nacer Megherbi. The cover was designed by Jomo Tariku. Susan Graham, Jewel McFadden, and Nora Ridolfi from the World Bank’s al Publishing Program coordinated the publication and dissemination of the book.AcknowledgmentsxiInternational Debt Statistics 2017 focuses on financial flows, trends in external debt, and other major financial indicators for low-, middle-, and high-income countries. The report includes more than 200 time series indicators from 1970 to 2015 for most reporting countries. This edi-tion of International Debt Statistics IDS has been reconfigured to offer a more con-densed presentation of the principal indicators, along with additional tables showcasing quar-terly external debt statistics and public sector debt.TablesAggregate TablesThe aggregate tables are labeled by region name. Data are shown for all low- and middle-income countries and six regional groups East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa.Country TablesCountry tables are labeled by country name and ordered alphabetically. Data are shown for 123 low- and middle-income countries that report public and publicly guaranteed external debt to the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System DRS. The tables also include key debt ratios and the composition of external debt stocks and flows for each country.Each table shows a time series with the most recent six years, as well as 2000 and 2005 as com-panion years. Full time series data are available for all countries in the World Bank’s Open Data website http//data.worldbank.org/data-catalog / international-debt-statistics.StatisticsThe general cutoff date for countries to report data for this publication was end-September 2016. The economic aggregates presented in the tables are prepared for the convenience of users. Although debt ratios can give useful ination about developments in a debt-servicing capacity, conclu-sions drawn from them will not be valid unless accompanied by careful economic uation.The macroeconomic data provided are collected from national statistical organizations, which in some cases may be subject to a considerable margin of error. The usual care must be taken in interpreting the ratios, particularly for the most recent years, because figures may be preliminary and subject to revision.Notes at the bottom of each country table summarize major events that have taken place in the country in recent years; describe the sources of ination for short-term and private non-guaranteed external debt if the reports were not provided by the country; and highlight main issues in the data collection process. Unless otherwise specified, data on long-term public and publicly guaranteed external debt for 2015 are based on reports provided by the country.More detailed ination on data sources, ology, and compilation is provided in the appendix at the back of this book.Aggregate Measures for Income Groups and RegionsAggregate measures for income groups and regions include the 123 low- and middle-income countries that report public and publicly guaranteed external debt to the World Bank’s DRS, whenever data are available. The aggregate “All low- and middle-income countries” is the sum of data for 123 countries.User Guide to TablesINTERNATIONAL DEBT STATISTICS 2017xiiClassification of CountriesFor operational and analytical purposes, the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying coun-tries is gross national income GNI per capita calculated by the World Bank Atlas .Every country is classified as low-income, middle-income, or high-income. Low- and middle-income countries are sometimes referred to as develop-ing countries. The term is used for convenience; it is not intended to imply that all countries in the group are experiencing similar development or that other countries have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Because GNI per capita changes over time, the country composition of income groups may change from one edition of International Debt Statistics to the next. Once the classification is fixed for an edition, based on GNI per capita in the most recent year for which data are available, all historical data presented are based on the same country grouping. Symbols0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places. means that data are not available or that aggre-gates cannot be calculated because of missing data in the years shown. indicates current U.S. dollars unless otherwise specified.xiiiThe extended version of country tables that were previously available in the International Debt Sta-tistics print edition is now available online. Using an automated query process, these reference tables will be updated based on the revisions to the International Debt Statistics database.Users can access all the online tables, download the PDF version of the publication, and view the report as an eBook on ISSUU, as well as access the database and download the archived editions of the publication by going to http//data.worldbank.org/products/ids.How to Access IDS Online Country TablesTo access the IDS online tables, visit http//datatopics.worldbank.org/debt/ids and select from “Country,” “Region,” or “Topic” options.User Guide to IDS Online TablesINTERNATIONAL DEBT STATISTICS 2017xivTo access a specific country table directly without go