From Poverty to Prosperity Energy Access Outlook 2017 World Energy Outlook Special ReportINTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency IEA, an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. Its primary mandate was – and is – two-fold to promote energy security amongst its member countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 29 member countries and beyond. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports. The Agency’s aims include the following objectives n Secure member countries’ access to reliable and ample supplies of all s of energy; in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions. n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection in a global context – particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change. n Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy data. n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies. n Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other stakeholders. IEA member countriesAustraliaAustria BelgiumCanada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA. OECD/IEA, 2017 International Energy Agency Website www.iea.org Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/t we must take action. The agreement of the Sustainable Development Goals shows that there is worldwide acceptance that we cannot continue to accept a world where the act of preparing food is itself a cause of illness or death, or where women miss out on potential economic opportunities because of the time they spend each day collecting fuel, or where people living in rural areas do not have adequate light to secure their communities at night or allow children to do their schoolwork. We all have a stake in the success of efforts to ensure that energy for all is achieved by or before 2030. Global leaders need to work together to implement SDG 7 and foster an environment where all parties can contribute solutions and work together, making sure that local communities and especially women help shape solutions that work for them. The IEA will enhance its efforts on sustainable energy for all, and is ready to lead on international data collection and analysis and to provide energy policy advice to its growing family and others on how to deliver sustainable energy for all and ensure that no one is left behind. Dr. Fatih Birol cutive Director International Energy Agency OECD/IEA, 2017 Acknowledgements 5 Acknowledgements This study was prepared by the World Energy Outlook WEO team in the Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks STO in co-operation with other directorates and offices of the Agency. It was designed and directed by Laura Cozzi, Head of the WEO Energy Demand Outlook Division. The principal authors were Hannah Daly and Molly A. Walton, who co-led the analysis. Principal contributors to the report were Law Gee Yong, Zakia Adam, Stphanie Bouckaert, Olivia Chen, Davide D’Ambrosio, Luis Munuera and Brent Wanner. Other contributors were Ali Al-Saffar, An Qi, Yasmine Arsalane, Elie Bellevrat, Laila El-Ashmawy, Vincenzo Franza, Timothy Goodson, Tim Gould, Han Mei, Paul Hugues, Kim Tae-Yoon, Kieran McNamara, Pawe ł Olejarnik, Claudia Pavarini, Toshiyuki Shirai, Glenn Sondak, Kira West and Xia Ting. er IEA colleague Dan Dorner HM Treasury, United Kingdom played a leading role in the planning stages for this report. Jan Corfee-Morlot provided valuable s. Teresa Coon and Eleni Tsoukala provided essential support. Edmund Hosker carried editorial responsibility. The study benefited from valuable s, comments and feedback from the STO directors Dave Turk and Kamel Ben Naceur, as well as other senior management and colleagues within the IEA Paul Simons, Laszlo Varro, Duncan Millard, Rebecca Gaghen, Aya Yoshida, Peter Fraser, Roberta Quadrelli, Ian Cronshaw, Heymi Bahar, Kieran Clarke, Marc-Antoine Eyl-Mazzega, Kate Dourian and Arnaud Pincet. Thanks go to the IEA’s Communication and Ination Office for their help in producing the final report, particularly Jad Mouawad, Chris Gully and Rob Stone for outreach and communications, Astrid Dumond for production and Bertrand Sadin for graphics. Lorcan Lyons also contributed to graphics and the website. Debra Justus was the copy-editor. Experts from the Royal Institute of Technology, KTH-dESA, particularly Mark Howells, Dimitris Mentis, Francesco Fuso Nerini, Alexandros Korkovelos, Nandi Moksnes and Constantinos Taliotis; Politecnico di Milano, particularly Emanuela Colombo and Francesco Lombardi; and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis IIASA, particularly Markus Amann, Jens Borken-Kleefeld, Janusz Cofala, Chris Heyes, Gregort Kiesewetter, Zbigniew Klimont, Peter Rafaj and Wolfgang Schpp were key contributors to the report. Other experts also provided key for the report including Jem Porcaro, Monica Dean, Yasemin Erboy Ruff, Luc Seven UN Foundation, Sarah Wykes, Hannah Mottram both from the CAFOD, Irini Maltsoglou, Manas Puri, Luis Rincon all from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Annemarije Koojiman ENERGIA. The updating of the electricity and clean cooking access databases benefited greatly from the s of the Interventions for Healthy Environment Unit, World Health Organization, and numerous government and other national sources. The work could not have been achieved without the support provided by DG Climate Action European Commission and the Government of Sweden. OECD/IEA, 20176 World Energy Outlook 2017 | Special Report A workshop of over 100 international experts was organised by the IEA to gather essential to this study and was held on 27 March 2017 in Paris. The workshop participants offered valuable insights, feedback and data for this analysis. Many experts from outside of the IEA provided , commented on the underlying analytical work and/or reviewed the report. Their comments and suggestions were of great value. They include H.E. Amani Abou-Zeid African Union Commission Emmanuel Ackom Technical University of Denmark Heather Adair-Rohani World Health Organization Liwayway Adkins OECD Development Co-operation Directorate Alfred Ofosu Ahenkorah Energy Commission, Ghana VenkatachalamAnbumozhi Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia Thomas Andre Schneider Electric Vincenzo Antonucci Instituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia, France Pepukaye Bardouille International Finance Corporation Philippe Benoit Global Infrastructure Advisory Services 2050 Min Bikram Malla Practical Action Federico Bonaglia OECD Development Centre Jean-Paul Bouttes EDF Nigel Bruce University of Liverpool, United Kingdom Alessandro Casoli The Carbon Trust Sarah Chapman Faro Energy Naeeda Crishna Morgado OECD Development Co-operation Directorate Harry Clemens HIVOS Rebecca Collyer European Climate Foundation Christian De Gromard Agence Franaise de Dveloppement, France Johanna Diecker Global Off-Grid Lighting Association Lisa Dignard-Bailey Natural Resources Canada Jessie Durrett Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves Karabi Dutta Household Energy Consultant Jane Olga Ebinger Sustainable Energy for All Elmar Ebling Asian Development Bank Filip Ehrle Elveling Ministry of the Environment and Energy, Sweden Mikael Eriksson Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sweden Alex Evans The Global LPG Partnership Vivien Foster World Bank Ashwin Gambhir Prayas Energy Group, India Carlos Gasc Travesedo Iberdrola Olivia Gippner European Commission Ccile Gracy Agence de lEnvironnement et de la Matrise de lEnergie Lisa Guarrera Observatoire Mediterranen de lEnergie Monica Gullberg Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency OECD/IEA, 2017Acknowledgements 7 Mansoor Hamayun BBOXX David Hawkins Natural Resources Defense Council, United States Andrew Herscowitz Power Africa Ijaz Hossain Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Anil K. Jain NITI Aayog, India Frank Jotzo Australian National University, Australia Michael Kelly World LPG Association Getahun Moges Kifle Ethiopian Energy Authority Vincent Kitio UN Habitat Hans Jrgen Koch Nordic Energy Research Masaomi Koyama Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan Sarah Ladislaw Center for Strategic and International Studies Jon Lane The Carbon Trust Clarissa Lins Catavento Consultancy, Brazil Yves Maigne Fondation Energies pour le Monde Teresa Malyshev Energy Consultant Guillaume Meheut Ministry of ecological and inclusive transition, France Sabina Anokye Mensah ANOMENA Ventures, Ghana Bert Metz European Climate Foundation Reema Nanavaty Self Employed Women’s Association, India Patrick Nussbaumer United Nations Industrial Development Organization Sheila Oparaocha ENERGIA / HIVOS Dorothea Otremba GIZ, Germany Jyoti Parikh Integrated Research and Action for Development, India Neeraja Penumetcha Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves Ignacio Perez-Arriaga Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States Koen Peters Global Off-Grid Lighting Association Alberto Piatti Eni Jesus P. Posadas Department of Energy, Philippines Manas Puri Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Mark Radka UN Environment Programme Pippo Ranci European University Institute Vineet Saini Ministry of Science and Technology, India Carlos Salle Alonso Iberdrola Hans-Wilhelm Schiffer Coal Industry Advisory Board Andrew Scott Overseas Development Institute Tara Shine Mary Robinson Foundation Katia Simeonova United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Stephan Singer Climate Network Kristina Skierka Power for All Leena Srivastava TERI University, India Benjamin Sovacool University of Sussex, United Kingdom Lucy Stevens Practical Action OECD/IEA, 20178 World Energy Outlook 2017 | Special Report Jeff Stottlemyer CLASP / Global LEAP rnulf Strm Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation Laura Sundblad Global Off-Grid Lighting Association Stacy Swann Climate Finance Advisors, Benefit LLC Emanuele Taibi International Renewable Energy Agency Minoru Takada United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Katsushi Takehiro Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan zlem Taskin OECD Development Co-operation Directorate Rianne Teule SNV Netherlands Development Organisation Fabby Tumiwa Institute for Essential Services Re, Indonesia Kevin Chika Urama African Development Bank Andrea Valcalda Enel Salvatore Vinci International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA Frank van der Vleuten Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Netherlands Tom Van Ierland European Commission Ancha Venkata Ramayya Jimma University, Ethiopia David Victor University of California, San Diego, United States Wang Lifen National Energy Administration, China Marcus Wiemann Alliance for Rural Electrification Mary Wilcox Practical Action Consulting Eric Williams OECD Development Co-operation Directorate Felice Zaccheo European Commission Hisham Zerriffi University of British Columbia, Canada Florian Ziegler KfW Development Bank, Germany Cathy Zoi Odyssey Energy, United States The individuals and organisations that contributed to this study are not responsible for any opinions or judgements contained in this study. All errors and omissions are solely the responsibility of the IEA. Comments and questions are welcome and should be addressed to Laura Cozzi Head of the World Energy Outlook, Energy Demand Outlook Division Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks International Energy Agency 31-35, rue de la Fdration 75739 Paris Cedex 15 France Email weoiea.org More ination about the World Energy Outlook is available at www.iea.org/weo OECD/IEA, 2017