Key world energy statistics Also available on smartphones and tablets 2018Key world energy statistics A wealth of ENERGY STATS at your fingertips IEA ENERGY STATS download it for free on your iPhone, iPad, Android device or Windows Phone 1 Foreword . Conversion factors 35 Glossary 37 Energy indicators 29 Outlook 28 Research, development and demonstration RD in debate; and provide a wider understanding of energy, including helping countries understand their energy transitions. In Key World Energy Statistics KWES, we look to highlight some of the key facts and trends from across the vast number of datasets the IEA produces to enable everyone to know more about energy. As part of the IEA modernisation programme, KWES now contains more ination on energy efficiency and renewables, more geographic data – including on the “IEA Family”, created through our “Open Doors” policy – and also more of the fundamental data required to fully understand energy security – the heart of our work. Because energy plays such a vital role in our lives today, I hope that these statistics will not only in but also help policy makers and others to make wise decisions so that energy is produced and consumed in a secure, affordable, efficient, and sustainable manner. As I like to say, in the world of energy, data always wins. I would therefore like to thank Duncan Millard, the IEA Chief Statistician, and his excellent team for their work in ensuring we all have the data needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of energy. Dr. Fatih Birol cutive Director, International Energy Agency KWES is a summary of the comprehensive data made available by the IEA via its website www.iea.org/statistics/. It is also available in app for all major mobile devices. 27 2 S u p p l y World total primary energy supply TPES by fuel World TPES from 1971 to 2016 by fuel Mtoe 1973 and 2016 fuel shares of TPES 1973 2016 6 101 Mtoe 13 761 Mtoe 1. World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. 2. In these graphs, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal. 3. Includes geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean, heat and other. OECD total primary energy supply by fuel OECD TPES 1from 1971 to 2017 by fuel Mtoe 1973 and 2017 fuel shares of TPES 11973 2017 3 740 Mtoe 5 303 Mtoe 1. Excludes electricity trade. 2. In these graphs, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal. 3. Includes geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean, heat and other. 3 S u p p l y World total primary energy supply by region World TPES from 1971 to 2016 by region Mtoe 1973 and 2016 regional shares of TPES 1973 2016 6 101 Mtoe 13 761 Mtoe 1. Non-OECD Asia excludes China. 2. Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. World TPES from 1971 to 2016 by region Mtoe 1973 and 2016 regional shares of TPES 1973 2016 6 101 Mtoe 13 761 Mtoe 1. Please see geographical coverage for the list of IEA Accession, Association and other countries. 2. Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers.4 S u p p l y World total primary energy supply by geographical region World TPES from 1990 to 2016 by region Mtoe 1990 and 2016 regional shares of TPES 1990 2016 8 774 Mtoe 13 761 Mtoe 1. Includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. OECD total primary energy supply by region OECD TPES 1from 1971 to 2017 by region Mtoe 1973 and 2017 regional shares of TPES 11973 2017 3 740 Mtoe 5 303 Mtoe 1. Excludes electricity trade. 5 S u p p l y Crude oil production World crude oil 1production from 1971 to 2017 by region Mt 1973 and 2017 regional shares of crude oil 1production 1973 2017 2 869 Mt 4 365 Mt 1. Includes crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. 2. Non-OECD Asia excludes China. Producers, net exporters and net importers of crude oil 1 Producers Mt of world total United States 563 12.9 Saudi Arabia 560 12.8 Russian Federation 548 12.6 Canada 237 5.4 Islamic Rep. of Iran 229 5.2 Iraq 225 5.2 Peoples Rep. of China 192 4.4 United Arab Emirates 178 4.1 Kuwait 149 3.4 Brazil 137 3.1 Rest of the world 1 347 30.9 World 4 365 100.0 2017 provisional data Net exporters Mt Saudi Arabia 373 Russian Federation 254 Iraq 187 United Arab Emirates 120 Islam Rep. of Iran 119 Canada 113 Kuwait 108 Venezuela 90 Nigeria 87 Angola 82 Others 548 Total 2 081 2016 data Net importers Mt Peoples Rep. of China 378 United States 371 India 214 Japan 162 Korea 146 Germany 91 Italy 65 Spain 64 Netherlands 61 France 55 Others 506 Total 2113 2016 data 1. Includes production of crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. Excludes liquids from other fuel sources renewable, coal and natural gas. 6 S u p p l y Natural gas production World natural gas production from 1971 to 2017 by region billion cubic metres, bcm 1973 and 2017 regional shares of natural gas production 1973 2017 1 224 bcm 3 768 bcm 1. Non-OECD Asia excludes China. Producers, net exporters and net importers 1of natural gas Producers bcm of world total United States 760 20.2 Russian Federation 694 18.4 Islamic Rep. of Iran 214 5.7 Canada 184 4.9 Qatar 169 4.5 Peoples Rep. of China 142 3.8 Norway 128 3.4 Australia 105 2.8 Algeria 94 2.5 Saudi Arabia 94 2.5 Rest of the world 1 184 31.3 World 3 768 100.0 2017 provisional data Net exporters bcm Russian Federation 217 Norway 123 Qatar 121 Australia 62 Canada 61 Turkmenistan 55 Algeria 54 Indonesia 29 Malaysia 28 Nigeria 27 Others 151 Total 928 2017 provisional data Net importers bcm Japan 115 People’s Rep. of China 86 Germany 85 Italy 69 Turkey 54 Mexico 50 Korea 49 France 43 United Kingdom 37 Spain 32 Others 296 Total 916 2017 provisional data 1. Net exports and net imports include pipeline gas and LNG. 7 S u p p l y Coal production World coal 1production from 1971 to 2017 by region Mt 1973 and 2017 regional shares of coal 1production 1973 2017 3 074 Mt 7 549 Mt 1. Includes steam coal, coking coal, lignite and recovered coal. 2. Non-OECD Asia excludes China. Producers, net exporters and net importers of coal 1 Producers Mt of world total People’s Rep. of China 3 376 44.7 India 730 9.7 United States 702 9.3 Australia 501 6.6 Indonesia 488 6.5 Russian Federation 387 5.1 South Africa 257 3.4 Germany 175 2.3 Poland 127 1.7 Kazakhstan 106 1.4 Rest of the world 700 9.3 World 7 549 100.0 2017 provisional data Net exporters Mt Indonesia 387 Australia 379 Russian Federation 161 Colombia 86 United States 81 South Africa 71 Mongolia 33 Kazakhstan 27 Canada 24 Mozambique 12 Others 2 Total 1 263 2017 provisional data Net importers Mt People’s Rep. of China 263 India 207 Japan 188 Korea 148 Chinese Taipei 68 Germany 48 Turkey 38 Malaysia 31 Thailand 24 Brazil 21 Others 244 Total 1280 2017 provisional data 1. Includes steam coal, coking coal, lignite and recovered coal. 8 S u p p l y Nuclear electricity production World nuclear electricity production from 1971 to 2016 by region TWh 1973 and 2016 regional shares of nuclear electricity production 1973 2016 203 TWh 2 606 TWh 1. Non-OECD Asia excludes China. 2. Other includes Africa, Non-OECD Americas and the Middle East. Producers of nuclear electricity Producers TWh of world total United States 840 32.2 France 403 15.5 People’s Rep. of China 213 8.2 Russian Federation 197 7.6 Korea 162 6.2 Canada 101 3.9 Germany 85 3.3 Ukraine 81 3.1 United Kingdom 72 2.8 Sweden 63 2.4 Rest of the world 389 14.8 World 2 606 100.0 2016 data Net installed capacity GW United States 100 France 63 Japan 40 People’s Rep. of China 31 Russian Federation 26 Korea 23 Canada 14 Ukraine 13 Germany 11 Sweden 10 Rest of the world 60 World 391 2016 data Sources International Energy Agency, International Atomic Energy Agency Country top ten producers of nuclear in total domestic electricity generation France 73.1 Ukraine 49.7 Sweden 40.5 Korea 29.0 United Kingdom 21.3 United States 19.5 Russian Federation 18.1 Canada 15.2 Germany 13.2 People’s Rep. of China 3.5 Rest of the world 1 7.3 World 10.4 2016 data 1. Excludes countries with no nuclear production. 9 S u p p l y Hydro electricity production World hydro electricity production 1from 1971 to 2016 by region TWh 1973 and 2016 regional shares of hydro electricity production 11973 2016 1 296 TWh 4 170 TWh 1. Includes electricity production from pumped storage. 2. Non-OECD Asia excludes China. Producers of hydro electricity 1 Producers TWh of world total People’s Rep. of China 1 193 28.6 Canada 387 9.3 Brazil 381 9.1 United States 292 7.0 Russian Federation 187 4.5 Norway 144 3.5 India 138 3.3 Japan 85 2.0 Venezuela 68 1.6 Turkey 67 1.6 Rest of the world 1 228 29.5 World 4 170 100.0 2016 data Net installed capacity GW People’s Rep. of China 344 United States 103 Brazil 97 Canada 80 Russian Federation 51 Japan 50 India 45 Norway 32 Turkey 27 France 26 Rest of the world 302 World 1 157 2016 data Sources International Energy Agency, United Nations Country top ten producers of hydro in total domestic electricity generation Norway 96.2 Brazil 65.8 Venezuela 60.1 Canada 58.0 Turkey 24.5 People’s Rep. of China 19.2 Russian Federation 17.1 India 9.3 Japan 8.0 United States 6.8 Rest of the world 2 14.9 World 16.6 2016 data 1. Includes electricity production from pumped storage. 2. Excludes countries with no hydro production. 10 S u p p l y Wind electricity production World wind electricity production from 2005 to 2016 by region TWh 2005 and 2016 regional shares of wind electricity production 2005 2016 104 TWh 958 TWh 1. Non-OECD Asia excludes China. Producers of wind electricity Producers TWh of world total People’s Rep. of China 237 24.8 United States 229 24.0 Germany 79 8.2 Spain 49 5.1 India 45 4.7 United Kingdom 37 3.9 Brazil 33 3.5 Canada 31 3.2 France 21 2.2 Italy 18 1.8 Rest of the world 178 18.6 World 958 100.0 2016 data Net installed capacity GW People’s Rep. of China 148.6 United States 81.4 Germany 49.6 India 28.7 Spain 23.0 United Kingdom 16.2 Canada 12.0 France 11.5 Brazil 10.1 Italy 9.4 Rest of the world 76.9 World 467.4 2016 data Country top ten producers of wind in total domestic electricity generation Spain 17.8 Germany 12.1 United Kingdom 11. 0 Italy 6.1 Brazil 5.8 United States 5.3 Canada 4.6 France 3.9 People’s Rep. of China 3.8 India 3.0 Rest of the world 1 2.2 World 3.8 2016 data 1. Excludes countries with no wind production. 11 S u p p l y Solar photovoltaic electricity production World solar PV electricity production from 2005 to 2016 by region TWh 2005 and 2016 regional shares of solar PV electricity production 2005 2016 4 TWh 328 TWh 1. Non-OECD Asia excludes China. Producers of solar PV electricity Producers TWh of world total People’s Rep. of China 75 22.9 Japan 51 15.5 United States 47 14.2 Germany 38 11.6 Italy 22 6.7 India 14 4.3 United Kingdom 10 3.2 France 8 2.5 Spain 8 2.5 Australia 6 1.9 Rest of the world 49 14.7 World 328 100.0 2016 data Net installed capacity GW People’s Rep. of China 77.5 Japan 42.0 United States 41.4 Germany 40.7 Italy 19.3 United Kingdom 11.9 India 9.4 France 7.3 Australia 5.6 Spain 5.0 Rest of the world 40.0 World 300.1 2016 data Country top ten producers of solar PV in total domestic electricity generation Italy 7.6 Germany 5.9 Japan 4.8 United Kingdom 3.1 Spain 2.9 Australia 2.4 France 1.5 People’s Rep. of China 1.2 United States 1.1 India 1.0 Rest of the world 1 0.6 World 1.3 2016 data 1. Excludes countries with no solar PV production. 12 T r a n s f o r m a t i o n Refining by product World refinery output from 1971 to 2016 by product Mt 1973 and 2016 shares of refinery output by product 1973 2016 2 719 Mt 4 067 Mt Producers, net exporters and net importers of oil products Producers Mt of world total United States 827 20.3 People’s Rep. of China 533 13.1 Russian Federation 270 6.6 India 253 6.2 Japan 163 4.0 Korea 146 3.6 Saudi Arabia 129 3.2 Germany 100 2.5 Brazil 99 2.4 Canada 89 2.2 Rest of the world 1 458 35.9 World 4 067 100.0 2016 data Net exporters Mt United States 117 Russian Federation 106 Saudi Arabia 62 India 31 Kuwait 30 United Arab Emirates 24 Korea 23 Algeria 20 Netherlands 19 Qatar 19 Others 160 Total 1 611 2016 data Net importers Mt Mexico 32 Singapore 26 Australia 25 Japan 21 Hong Kong, China 19 Turkey 19 Nigeria 19 France 19 Indonesia 18 Brazil 16 Others 311 Total 1 525 2016 data 1. The discrepancy between total net exports and total net imports arises from different data sources and possible misallocation of bunkers into exports for some countries. 13 T r a n s f o r m a t i o n Refining by region World refinery intake 1from 1971 to 2016 by region Mt 1973 and 2016 regional shares of refinery intake 11973 2016 2 739 Mt 4 176 Mt 1. Includes crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, additives and other hydrocarbons. 2. Non-OECD Asia excludes China. Refinery capacity, net exporters and net importers of oil 1 Crude distillation capacity kb/cd of world total United States 18 915 19.2 People’s Rep. of China 15 229 15.5 Russian Federation 6 558 6.7 India 4 833 4.9 Japan 3 558 3.6 Korea 3 168 3.2 Saudi Arabia 2 829 2.9 Brazil 2 175 2.2 Germany 2 022 2.1 Canada 1 931 2.0 Rest of the world 37 217 37.8 World 98 435 100.0 2017 data Net exporters Mt Saudi Arabia 435 Russian Federation 360 Iraq 171 United Arab Emirates 144 Kuwait 138 Islamic Rep. of Iran 136 Canada 120 Venezuela 104 Norway 81 Angola 78 Others 502 Total 2 269 2016 data Net importers Mt People’s Rep. of China 379 United States 253 Japan 184 India 183 Korea 123 Germany 107 France 74 Singapore 73 Spain 60 Italy 52 Others 727 Total 2 215 2016 data 1. Includes crude oil and oil products. 14 T r a n s f o r m a t i o n Electricity generation by source World electricity generation 1from 1971 to 2016 by fuel TWh 1973 and 2016 source shares of electricity generation 11973 2016 6 131 TWh 24 973 TWh 1. Excludes electricity generation from pumped storage. 2. Includes geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean, biofuels, waste, heat and other. 3. In these graphs, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal. Producers of electricity by source Coal 1TWh People’s Rep. of China 4 242 United States 1 354 India 1 105 Japan 349 Germany 273 Korea 235 South Africa 226 Russian Federation 171 Australia 163 Indonesia 135 Rest of the world 1 341 World 9 594 2016 data Oil TWh Saudi Arabia 140 Japan 84 Iraq 56 Kuwait 45 Egypt 38 Pakistan 37 United States 35 Mexico 34 India 23 Argentina 21 Rest of the world 418 World 931 2016 data Natural gas TWh United States 1 418 Russian Federation 522 Japan 406 Islamic Rep. of Iran 233 Saudi Arabia 205 Mexico 192 People’s Rep. of China 170 United Kingdom 143 Egypt 140 United Arab Emirates 128 Rest of the world 2 237 World 5 794 2016 data Renewables 2TWh People’s Rep. of China 1 540 United States 637 Brazil 465 Canada 434 India 239 Germany 188 Russian Federation 186 Japan 155 Norway 145 Italy 108 Rest of the world 1 842 World 5 939 2016 data 1. In this table, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal. 2. Excludes electricity generation from pumped storage.