pThe Golem Project Crowdfunding Whitepaper DRAFT v0.9 October 2016 nbsp;Table of contents Overview of the Golem Project Grand vision and core features Golem as an Ecosystem Supply of Infrastructure Demand for Computing Resources Software amp; Microservices The first use case CGI rendering Long term vision Golem as a building block of Web 3.0 Golem Network Token GNT Application Registry Transaction Framework Roadmap Brass Golem Clay Golem Stone Golem Iron Golem Future nbsp;integrations Crowdfunding Crowdfunding summary Budget and levels of funding Golem Team Overview of the Golem Project Grand vision and core features ● Golemis thefirsttrulydecentralizedsupercomputer,creatinga globalmarketfor nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;computingpower.Combinedwithflexibletoolsto aiddevelopersin securely nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; distributingandmonetizingtheirsoftware,Golemaltogetherchangestheway nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;computetasksareorganizedandcuted.Bypoweringdecentralizedmicroservices nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;andasynchronoustaskcution,Golemissettobecomeakeybuildingblockfor nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;futureInternetserviceprovidersandsoftwaredevelopment.And,bysubstantially nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;loweringthepriceof computations,complexapplicationssuchasCGIrendering, nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; scientific calculation, and machine learning become more accessible to everyone. ● Golemconnectscomputersin a peer-to-peernetwork,enablingbothapplication nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;ownersandindividualusersquot;requestorsquot;to rentresourcesof otherusers’ nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; quot;providersquot;machines.Theseresourcescanbeusedtocompletetasksrequiringany nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;amountof computationtimeandcapacity.Today,suchresourcesaresuppliedby nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;centralizedcloudproviderswhich,areconstrainedbyclosednetworks,proprietary nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;paymentsystems,andhard-codedprovisioningoperations.AlsocoretoGolem’s nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;built-infeaturesetisadedicatedEthereum-basedtransactionsystem,whichenables nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; direct payments between requestors, providers, and software developers. ● ThefunctionofGolemasthebackboneofadecentralizedmarketforcomputingpower nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;can be consideredboth Infrastructure-as-a-ServiceIaaS, as well as nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; Plat-as-a-ServicePaaS.However,Golemrevealsitstruepotentialbyadding nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;dedicatedsoftwareintegrationstotheequation.Anyinterestedpartyisfreetocreate nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; anddeploysoftwaretotheGolemnetworkbypublishingittotheApplicationRegistry. nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;TogetherwiththeTransactionFramework,developerscanalsoextendandcustomize nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; the payment mechanism resulting in unique mechanisms for monetizing software. nbsp;Golem as an Ecosystem Golem39;sbusinesscaseboilsdowntothefactthat,duetorelativelyrecenttechnological nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;advances,themarketforcomputingresourcescanbeorganizedaccordingtoentirelynew nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; principles.Incontrast,thecomputemarkettodayisdominatedbyheavyweightplayerssuch nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; asAmazon,Google,MicrosoftandIBM,wholeveragetheirmarketpowerandassetstoensure nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; heftymargins,resultingininefficientlypricedcomputeservices.Luckily,themarketisnot nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; doomedtofunctionthiswayforever.WithGolemthesupplyofcomputingresourcesisbased nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; on contributionsof individualandprofessionalproviders,combinedwithanarrayof nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;dedicatedsoftwaresolutionsviaGolem’sApplicationRegistry–itselfoperatingonasingle nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; and competitive market with nearly complete ination market. ScalingthecomputemarketenabledbyGolemrequiresonboardingthreegroupssuppliersof nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; computingresourcesquot;providersquot;,taskcreatorsquot;requestorsquot;whotheirtaskstobe nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;computedbythenetwork,andofcourse,softwaredevelopers.Thesethreegroupscomprise nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; Golem’s unique, interdependent ecosystem. nbsp;Group Golem features Incentive to participate Requestors nbsp; Golem offers tools to cute compute-intensive tasks. nbsp;Requestors get access to affordable and scalable solutions, which combine hardware and software. nbsp;Providers nbsp;Golem combines and utilizes almost any kind of existing computing hardware. Hardware providers get paid for renting out their hardware. Software Developers Golem is a flexible plat to deploy and monetize software. nbsp;Software developers use Golem as a distribution channel, associated with access to hardware. nbsp;Supply of Infrastructure Thesupplyofcomputingpowertothenetworkcomesfromproviders.Thiscouldbeanyone, nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; fromanindividualuserrentingoutidleCPUcyclesofagamingPC,toalargedatacenter nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; contributingtheirentirecapacity.ProvidershavetheincentivetojoinGolembecausethey nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; receivepaymentsfromrequestorsforthecompletedtasks.Ofcourse,Golem’suserinterface nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; willbeeasytouse,givingprovidersaclearwaytosetpricesanddecidewhatfractionoftheir nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; own idle resources they are willing to rent out. Demand for Computing Resources In orderto rewardprovidersforcontributingtheirresources,Golemneedsto attract nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; requestorsseekingadditionalcomputingresources.ThemarketGolemcreateswillbehighly nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;competitiveduetonearlycompleteination,andtheeaseofdeployingtasksonany nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;hardware.ThiswillnotonlymakeusingGolemsimple,whichwillattractrequestors-highly nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; competitivesetupwillalsoincreaseefficiencyofthemarket,verylikelyresultinginmuch nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;morecomprehensiveandadvantageouspricingcomparedtotheexistingcloudcomputing nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; plats. Oneimportantfeatureis thatGolem39;smarketplacewillenablerequestorsto become nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;providersbecausemostofthemwillneedadditionalresourcesonlyoccasionally.Theywill nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; beabletorentouttheirownhardwareandearnextrafees.Inaddition,financialaspectsare nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; notgoingtobethesoleincentivetouseGolemoneofitskeyfeatureswillbetheavailability nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; of diverse software running on the Golem network, accessible from the Application Registry. Software amp; Microservices AlthoughsomeinitialusecasessuchasCGIrenderingaregoingtobedevelopedand nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; implementedbytheGolemteam,itisofcourseessentialtoengageothersoftwaredevelopers nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; tocomeupwiththeirownideasforGolemapplications.Thenumberandqualityofsuch nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;applicationsis oneof thekeyfactorsin Golem’sfuturesuccess.Forthisreason,the nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; ApplicationRegistryandTransactionFrameworkareamongthemostimportantfeaturesof nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;theentireecosystem,andwillbefrontandcentralto thedevelopmentprocess.Once nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;introduced,theywillprovidedeveloperswithflexibleandefficienttoolstodeploy,distribute, nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; andmonetizesoftwarerunningon Golem.Thisis goingto bea perfectsolutionfor nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; microservicesandsomeoftheforthcomingdecentralizedapplicationsDApps,butcouldalso nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;become an interesting way to distribute existing proprietary and open source software. The first use case CGI rendering Golem Alpha release CGI rendering using Blender It is public, follow the link to test Golem. CGI rendering is the first and very illustrative case of real Golem usage. Rather than using costly cloud-based services or waiting ages for one39;s own machine to complete the task, CGI artists can now rent compute resources from other users to render an image quickly. The payment from a requestor in this case, a CGI artist is sent directly to providers who made their resources available. In addition, when the artist39;s machine is idle, it can itself accept tasks from other users. Long term vision Golem as a building block of Web 3.0 WebelievethatthefutureInternetwillbeatrulydecentralizednetwork,enablingusersto nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; securelyanddirectlyexchangecontent,withoutsharingit withcorporationsor other nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;middlemen.Accordingly,Golemwillbeusednotonlytocomputespecifictasks,butalsoto nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; bulk-rentmachinesinordertoperoperationswithina self-organizingnetwork.Of nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;course,thiswillrequirethesimultaneousdevelopmentofothertechnologies,manyofwhich nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; have gained significant traction in recent years. nbsp;Betterdata-sharingtechnologiesare necessary,buttakingintoaccounttheongoing nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; developmentofIPFS/FilecoinandSwarm,theappropriatesolutionsseemtobewithinreach. nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; Eventually,theEthereumnetworkwillbecomemorescalable,moreefficient,andincludea nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; fullyfunctionalnetworkof micropaymentchannels.Oncethesetechnologiesbecome nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;available,itiseasytoimagineGolemprimarilyasaplaticroservices,allowingusers nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; torunbothsmalle.g.anote-takingappandlargee.g.astreamingserviceapplicationsina nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; completelydecentralizedway.Althoughambitious,thisvisionseemstobetheultimate nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;argument for Golem’s long-term potential. Golem Network Token GNT TheGolemNetworkTokenquot;GNTquot;accountisacorecomponentofGolemandisdesignedto nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;ensureflexibilityandcontroloverthefutureevolutionoftheproject.GNTiscreatedduring nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; thecrowdfundingperioddescribedinthiswhitepaperand,followingthefirstmajorrelease nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; of Golem, GNT will be attributed a variety of functions in the Golem network. ● Paymentsfromrequestorstoprovidersforresourceusage,andremunerationfor nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; software developers is going to be exclusively conducted in GNT. ● OncetheApplicationRegistryandTransactionFrameworkareimplemented,GNTwill nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; benecessaryforotherinteractionswithGolem,suchastingdepositsby nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;providersandsoftwaredevelopersor participationin theprocessof software nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; validation and certification as described in the Application Registry section. ● ThegeneralconditionsforusingGNTwillbesetintheTransactionFramework,but nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;specificparametersof theseinteractionswillbepossibleto definewithineach nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;software integration. ThesupplyofGNTwillbelimitedtothepooloftokenscreatedduringcrowdfunding nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; period. Creation of the GNT and initial GNT account functionalities nbsp;● TheGolemNetworkTokenisa tokenonEthereumplat.Itsdesignfollows nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; widelyadoptedtokenimplementationstandards.Thismakesit easytomanage nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; using existing solutions including Ethereum Wallet. ● Maximum number of tokens created during crowdfunding period nbsp;○ Total 1 000 000 000 100 ○ Crowdfunding participants 820 000 000 82 ○ Golem Team nbsp; 60 000 000 nbsp;6 ○ Golem Factory GmbH nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;120 000 000 nbsp;12 ● Sending 1 ether to the GNT account will create 1 000 GNT ● No token creation, minting nbsp;or mining after the crowdfunding period. ● Tokens will be transferable once the crowdfunding is successfully completed. nbsp; Go to the nbsp;crowdfunding section nbsp;to learn the details nbsp;and see how to support the Golem Project via crowdfunding. Application Registry nbsp;TheApplicationRegistryisanEthereumsmartcontract,towhichanyonecanpublishtheir nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;ownapplicationsthatarereadytorunonGolemnetwork.ThegoaloftheApplicationRegistry nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;is to ● Givedevelopersa waytopublishtheirintegrationsandreachouttousersina nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; decentralized manner; nbsp;● Give requestors a place to look for specific tools fitting their needs; nbsp;● Give providers full control over the code they run because of the security concerns. SincetheGolemnetworkisfullydecentralized,wealsowanttheApplicationRegistrytobe nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; driven by the community. nbsp;Golemallowsrequestorstocutethecodeofanapplicationonsomeoneelse39;scomputer. nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;Thiscodeissandboxedandcutedwiththeminimalrequiredprivileges.Butsoftwarebugs nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;areeverywhere,andonceinawhilepeopledefeatsandboxes,managetocutemalicious nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; codeonahostmachine,andsometimeseventakeitover.That’swhywecan39;trelyonlyon nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;sandboxing.Wecouldtrytoautomaticallyuatewhetherornotthecodeissafe,butthisis nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; literallyimpossiblevidehaltingproblem.Theprocessofcodereviewandvalidationcannot nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; befullyautomatedandlefttotheautonomousnetwork.Ontheotherhand,itisimpossibleto nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; assume that no one will ever publish malicious software to run on top of Golem network. WesolvetheseproblemsbysplittingApplicationRegistryusersintothreecategories nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;authors,validatorsandproviders.Authorspublishapplications,validatorsreviewandcertify nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; applicationsassafeandtrustworthybyaddingthemtotheirownwhitelist.Validatorsmay nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;alsomarkapplicationsasmaliciousbyaddingthemtotheirownblacklists.Providersarealso nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; giventherighttochoosewhomtotrustbyselectingvalidatorswhoselistsareusedbythe nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; particularinstanceofGolemrunningontheirnodes.Apartfromthat,providersmaymaintain nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;theirownwhitelistsorblacklists.Thisgiveseachprovidera lotofflexibilityindeciding nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; exactlywhatsoftwaretorun,andwhatamountofworktoputintosoftwarecuration.Whatis nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; more,thissystemdoesnotexcludeanyparty,andthereisalwaysroomfornewvalidatorsto nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; emerge. BydefaultGolemrunsusingawhitelistoftrustedapplications.Sinceanemptywhitelistisa nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;problemforsomeonejusttryingGolemoutforthefirsttime,wewilladdanumberofverified nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;entriestothewhitelistasapartoftheinitialdistribution.Aprovidercantakeadvantageof nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; thismechanism,managingherownwhitelist,orsimplyusingwhitelistsofvalidatorsshe nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; trusts. Ontheotherhand,a providerrunninga computingfarmmaywishtorelyentirelyon nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;blacklists.Thisisanoptiontailoredforadministratorsofdedicatedmachines,whowantto nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;maximizetheirprofitsandwhoarewillingtoridethebleeding-edge.Inthisscenario,a nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; blacklistisusedtobanishanyknowntroublemakingapplications.Again,theprovidercan nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; maintain her own blacklist, or use the blacklists of validators she trusts. nbsp;Transaction Framework Whencreatingsomethingnewandexciting,it’shardif notimpossibletopredictallthe nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; opportunitieswhichthenewartifactwillsuddenlymakepossible.Golemisageneralized nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; globalsupercomputer,andas such,it willnodoubtfinditsnichewithvastlyvaried nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; applications.Theymightneedverydiverseremunerationmodels.Wearenotabletodesigna nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; one-size-fits-allpaymentsystemforGolem,norwillweattempttoforceoneuponapplication nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;authors. WhenadeveloperintegratesherapplicationwithGolem,shehasthefreedomtodecidewhich nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; transactionmodelsheimplements,aslongasit is compliantwithGolem39;sTransaction nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; Framework.TheTransactionFrameworkwilltaketheofasetofrequirementstofollow; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; basic requirements may include ● Entry in the Application Registry; ● Use of open source and/or deterministic environment, such as EVM; ● Community approval or rating of transaction model; ● Use of GNT for remunerating software and resource providers. WearebuildingthetransactionframeworkontopofEthereum.Ethereumgivesusexpressive nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;power,whichismuch-neededwhenimplementingadvanced,trustlessschemes.Thisincludes nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; componentswhichareextremelydifficulttodowellinP2Pnetworks,suchasuating nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;reputation. Example transaction framework components ● Diverse payout schemes such as nanopayments, batching ● Off-chain payment channels ● Custom receipts ● Payment to software developer ● Per-unit use of software per-node/p