低排放区拥堵收费公共宣传策略国际案例研究.pdf
WORKING PAPER | October 2017 | 1 WORKING PAPER Working Papers contain preliminary research, analysis, Suggested Citation Andrew Pickford, Ying Wang, Fei Ye, Shiyong Qiu, and Su Song. 2017. “International Case Studies on Public Communication and Consultation Strategies for Low Emission Zones and Congestion Charging Schemes” . Working Paper. World Resources Institute, Beijing. Available online at http// www.wri.org/publication/international-case-studies- public-communication-and-consultation-strategies- low-emissions . ANDREW PICKFORD, YING WANG, FEI YE, SHIYONG QIU, AND SU SONG INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES ON PUBLIC COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION STRATEGIES FOR LOW EMISSION ZONES AND CONGESTION CHARGING SCHEMES 1. CUTIVE SUMMARY Highlights Low Emission Zone LEZ and Congestion Charging CC policies are usually controversial, and contributing to their successful implementation. Public communication involves a process of dialogue with the general public for feedback. Successful international experience shows that public communication for LEZ and CC should start as early as possible with a feasibility study and should continue through all stages of scheme design, implementation, operation, and management. Public communication should be integrated with the LEZ/CC scheme design so as to allow enough time for scheme changes and for proactive public education. Public communication should be integrated with data collection to allow for an inative uation process. Background the successful implementation of LEZ and CC policies. LEZ and CC policies have been implemented in many cities worldwide, especially in Europe. These mitigation and emissions reduction. Securing public acceptance for LEZ and CC policies requires several CONTENTS 1. cutive Summary 1 2. Introduction 4 3. Stakeholder Consultation and Public Communication Processes. 5 4. Case Studies. 12 5. Key Findings. 47 6. Further Research. 49 Appendix. 50 References. 52 Endnotes. 53 TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY CONSULTANTS LIMITED2 | components, including a statement of initial policy objectives, political will, a deliverable operational strategy, and scheme design scalability i.e., whether the scheme can be increased in size. With comprehensive references to a variety of international examples, this working paper focuses on stakeholder communication, outreach, and consultation processes as some of the most critical measures to raise awareness and secure support for LEZ and CC schemes. Cities adopting a CC policy collect a surcharge on congested sections of road. The policy is an attempt to alleviate congestion through curbing travel demand without increasing infrastructure supply. LEZ refers to a dedicated emissions control area set up to reduce vehicle pollutants with the aim of improving regional air quality. Charging a fee or imposing emissions-based restrictions on vehicles entering a well-defined zone needs to be viewed, not as the outcome of a law-making process, but as a policy that mitigates the effects of widely accepted problems, either increasing congestion or declining air quality. depends on public communication that in - - Pub - lic communication also involves a process of dialogue with relevant stakeholders, known as public consulta - tion. Although necessary, public consultation is not sufficient to make a scheme successful. Political and public acceptance also depends on a policy that miti - gates visible problems in a way that satisfies the self- interest of ined users. About This Working Paper From the examples studied, two types of consultation process Singapore and Germany and consultative/political such as used in New York and Milan. All of the international case studies highlight how public communication is woven into the policy development process, which itself meaningful stakeholder consultation with a small group of experts and politicians and ‘external’ to short-list and/or the public for a LEZ or CC within an integrated transportation package. The series will summarize international best practices in public communication and consultation strategies and show the various ways of communicating with the public in decision-making, preparation, and implementation of LEZ/CC policies. The LEZ/CC a comprehensive package of public communication strategies to safeguard successful implementation. This is more on how public communication will be carried out, what measures and tools can be considered in the context of public communication in China, and what various public opinions are and how they change over time. The Research Problem the studied cities. LEZ/CC public policy communication with both successful and unsuccessful cases analyzed. Telephone interviews and discussion with international experts on public communication of LEZ/CC were also a major channel for ination collection. Most of the experts come from the LEZ/CC implementing agencies that were or are heavily involved in the development and operation of public communication schemes. questions Who are the key stakeholders for LEZ/CC public com - munication, and what are the negotiation strategies with stakeholders What are the roles and responsibilities of respective International Case Studies on Public Communication and Consultation Strategies for Low Emission Zones and Congestion Charging Schemes WORKING PAPER | October 2017 | 3 government departments including city and state administrations in public outreach What are the institutional arrangements e.g., existence of dedicated communications department, government communication liaison, outsourcing commercial companies, and the respective reporting lines to support the public communication process What are the communication measures, contents, What public participation and feedback mechanisms are used, and how to respond to negative public feedback Key Findings Based on observations from the development of sample international cases, recommendations on public or LEZ scheme are made as follows Public communication implies interaction with relevant stakeholders and the public. As various potential scenarios for a CC or LEZ are developed, it is likely that policy objectives and operating strategies public communication process is meaningful, but to resolve inconsistencies as early as possible and to develop and maintain political and public acceptance. Early initiation of public communication leaves more room for modification and can reduce the costs of remedying mistakes and scheme operations stemming from a higher proportion of users that are likely to be noncompliant. Migration from a simple dialogue through public opinion- based decision-making to more complex s of public participation may not be applicable in China’s political and cultural context. Instead, early interactions with the relevant stakeholders and the public will benefit the scheme’s cution by illustrating the potential benefits of public acceptance on scheme sustainability, thereby providing flexibility in adapting to feedback gained from stakeholders and the public. objectives of the scheme should emphasize that Other objectives may be mentioned as nonprimary, such as the expected Ideally, the names of the policies used to communicate ensure that public communication messages are understandable and therefore more readily acceptable. Public communication needs to be positive and Public communication is not just a process to present the public with a few facts and leave it at that. It really needs a positive “pro” campaign to allow plenty of time ideally years for people to absorb and accept the ination, noting that more ination is better than less. People also need to be convinced that a CC or LEZ scheme will reduce congestion emissions elsewhere, and they should be ined of alternatives to driving and other travel options that will exist when the CC or LEZ is implemented. - to adapt the scheme design. As a consultation of vehicle type, user category, or usage provides the opportunity for a concession to increase support. However, mptions make a scheme more expensive to enforce as there are more variables that need to be monitored by the enforcement regime. Too many mptions can also make the CC or LEZ unworkable or appear to be biased in favor of certain stakeholders. Ideally, consideration should be taken to balance the cost of mptions with public support. Public communications require surveys as critical tools to in and measure the development of public opinion on the need for an LEZ or CC scheme and to set expectations on their respective objectives. Interactions with stakeholders gathering data on travel patterns and preferences, and these data provide the means to assess public 4 | acceptance. Ined feedback also allows operational
